Since Kohlberg (1958) first extended the cognitive developmental theory of moral judgment to include moral reasoning in adults, it has been found that women tended to score at a lower developmental stage than did men. Gilligan (1982) has conceptualized women's moral reasoning as being different in kind from men's moral reasoning, with women's…

A study of the late acquisition of the passive in Zulu used data from transcripts of naturalistic speech gathered in a longitudinal study of several children's speech development between 1.10 and 3.6 years of age. It was hypothesized that the productivity of the passive construction in Zulu is a factor facilitating acquisition. A range of…

A 2-part investigation was conducted to examine the ways children resolve the inherent ambiguity of spatial descriptions in terms of cues indicated by the three constituents of spatial propositions: predicate, referent, and relatum. In the first study, it was hypothesized that certain objects, structural markers, and definite articles accompanying…

Investigates whether procedural differences or developmental changes account for the ambiguous results obtained in previous research on the affective consequences of mere exposure to visual stimuli with 7-, 9-, and 11-year-old children. (Author/ED)

The influence of perceptual factors and language comprehension on quantity judgments (number conservation) was assessed in children, aged 2-5. (ST)

The development of role concepts, as revealed in the ways in which children of different ages conceptualize specific occupational roles, is presented. The conceptualization of roles was studied in groups of 10 boys and 10 girls each from the first, third, and sixth grades. The mean ges of the groups were 6.9, 8.9, and 11.9 years, respectively.…

A total of 174 first, second, and third graders were tested to examine the relation between perceptual salience and cognitive style. The results indicated that implusives made more errors than reflectives only on trials requiring the use of the least salient dimension and that these performance differences decreased with age. (JMB)

Three formal operations tasks were presented to children of ages 10, 13, and 17. None of the youngest subjects and only half of the older subjects solved the first task without prompts. A few of the younger subjects and nearly all of the adolescents, however, solved the third task without prompts. (Author/JMB)

An alternating sort-recall procedure was used in three experiments to train third-, fifth-, and seventh-grade students in the use of organizational techniques as memory aids. (Author/JMB)

A sample of 144 children from nursery school, first, and third grades were given a series of problems in which they were required to judge which of 2 synchronous events was longer in duration and to rationalize their judgments. (Author/JMB)

In order to determine the ability of children aged 3-8 years to reproduce patterns of different levels of complexity, 60 children were asked to reproduce checkerboard patterns at 3 levels of complexity, measured by code length as suggested by H. A. Simon. (Author/SB)

Attempted cognitive training of Raven's Progressive Matrices using guided self-discovery, but without directly providing strategies. Thirty-six older and 36 younger adults were pretested, underwent training, and were posttested. Found no significant difference in improvement between younger and older adults. Failed to find evidence for successful…

Assessed adult age differences for cognitive reality monitoring as a function of whether the terminal position in a sentence was completed with an externally presented or internally generated word. Found older women (N=20) made slightly more attributions than younger women (N=20) even though the younger women accurately recognized a higher…