The necessity for students to clarify their own cognitive structure and the amount of their knowledge mastery for self-reflection is often ignored in building the student model in the adaptive model, which makes the construction of the cognitive structure pointless. Simultaneously, knowledge forgetting causes students' knowledge level to fall…

Hmong adolescents face many challenges during high school, particularly college and career readiness. School counselors are trained professionals who can help. This transcendental phenomenology study explored the lived experiences of six Hmong adolescents and how they make sense of college and career lessons in a group work format over six weeks.…

Most online learning researchers use resource recommendation and retrieve based on learning performance and learning style to provide accurate learning resources, but it is a closed and passive adaptive way. Learners always do not know the recommendation rationale and just receive the result-oriented recommended resources without having a chance…

Two studies examined factors that predicted children's tendencies to match objects versus relations across scenes when no instruction was given. Study 1 examined a) age and b) nationality as a proxy for cultural differences in experiences with relations. The results showed that Chinese and U.S. children across ages all showed an initial bias to…

Causal reasoning is important to children's cognition and academic development. However, there have been few empirical studies on the impact of visual cues and non-verbal scaffolding on children's reasoning in continuous causal processes. Hence, the present study aims to explore how causal reasoning in continuous processes is facilitated by visual…

With the increasing popularity of computer-assisted language learning in the past decades, how to teach English reading in the new educational landscape created has become a challenge. Abundant literature has contributed to reading strategy instruction worldwide, however, empirical studies on computer-aided schema strategy training for Chinese…

The "temporal-focus hypothesis" claims that whether people conceptualize the past or the future as in front of them depends on their cultural attitudes toward time; such conceptualizations can be independent from the space-time metaphors expressed through language. In this paper, we study how Chinese people conceptualize time on the…

This study is aimed at exploring the relationship between explicit instruction of mind mapping at pre-writing stage and the quality of Chinese EFL learners' argumentative writing. Thirty-nine first-year English majors from two convenient classes were randomly assigned into the experimental group and the control group respectively. For the control…

Contrastive focus, conveyed by prosodic cues, marks important information. Studies have shown that 6-year-olds learning English and Japanese can use contrastive focus during online sentence comprehension: focus used in a "contrastive context" facilitates the identification of a target referent (speeding up processing), whereas focus used…

This article reports an empirical study investigating L2 acquisition of the Mandarin Chinese "shì…de" cleft construction by adult English-speaking learners within the framework of the Feature Reassembly Hypothesis (Lardiere, 2009). A Sentence Completion task, an interpretation task, two Acceptability Judgement tasks, and a felicity…

The purpose of this study was to more effectively understand the learning experiences of Executive Master of Business Administration (EMBA) students. We asked 330 EMBA students to draw a graphic representation of their life and reflect on their EMBA experiences. We then applied the Zaltman metaphor elicitation technique to conduct in-depth…

Study abroad's purpose, once conceived primarily as a means for acquiring knowledge in a content area as well as language acquisition, began in the 1980s to be considered a vehicle for helping American students become less "parochial" and better prepared to live and work in a globalized world. To achieve these goals, students must be…

Describes the current situation of teaching and learning in China and the features of biology science; reviews existing theories of cognitive and learning styles as well as concept mapping. A Concept Mapping Training Course is outlined which incorporates concept mapping into biology learning. Students' different cognitive styles are taken into…