Concept maps make students' knowledge visible. Creating a mind map gives students an opportunity to organize their knowledge and allows instructors to visualize and assess it. When students create mind maps at multiple time points, instructors can compare the maps and use the themes, patterns, and gaps that emerge to reflect on their teaching and…

The (Random Intercept) Cross-Lagged Panel Model ((RI-)CLPM) is increasingly used in psychology and related fields to assess the longitudinal relationship of two or more variables on each other. Researchers are interested in the question which of the lagged effects is causally dominant receives considerable attention. However, currently used…

Infants' sensitivity to transitional probabilities (TPs) supports language development by facilitating mapping high-TP (HTP) words to meaning, at least up to 18 months of age. Here we tested whether this HTP advantage holds as lexical development progresses, and infants become better at forming word--referent mappings. Two groups of 24-month-olds…

In light of recent changes within Norway's teacher education and its perceived global position as a champion of human rights and equality, this exploratory study had two pursuits. First, we put forth a cognitive mapping heuristic for what we refer to as "critical/neoliberal" Global Citizenship Education (GCE), using a semiotic square…

Lexicography has seen significant advancements during the past seven decades. This paper aims to provide a thorough review of lexicography research by analysing 7302 related publications from the Web of Science Core Collection database with two visualization tools: VOSviewer and CiteSpace. The lexicography studies are initially evaluated for the…

Several educational mapping techniques include mind mapping, concept mapping, knowledge mapping and competence mapping. This research used pedagogically informed competence maps featuring subject matter and learner capabilities. Mytelemap, a prototype tool, helps learners structure and visualise competence maps and provides study links based on…

The necessity for students to clarify their own cognitive structure and the amount of their knowledge mastery for self-reflection is often ignored in building the student model in the adaptive model, which makes the construction of the cognitive structure pointless. Simultaneously, knowledge forgetting causes students' knowledge level to fall…

There is a heated debate on a learning paradigm known as "fast mapping" for its early neocortical dependence and retained memory over time for amnesic patients with hippocampal system damage. Whether the fast mapping allows hippocampus independent learning and induces rapid integration is poorly understood. The present study aims to…

Critically conscious care theories provide a framework for teacher candidates to name, analyze, and challenge structural injustice within and beyond the classroom during their teacher education. To support teacher candidates' enactment of such a critically conscious praxis in the postpandemic era, teacher educators must understand how teacher…

Integrated writing assessments are tasks that require students to construct an essay using evidence from source texts. Topic models are statistical models used to analyze text. This study analyzes two integrated writing tasks from students in grades 6 (N=1,250) and 8 (N=1,250) using topic models. Independent evaluations of the essays were also…

This study aims to determine those topics and concepts that biology and science teacher candidates find most challenging to learn in biology lessons. A qualitative case study research method was used to this end. A total of 132 science and biology teacher candidates studying at a state university were asked to write down the ten subjects or…

Mind mapping can be a pedagogical tool that helps students brainstorm how to organize information in a way that incorporates creative and active learning, as well as critical thinking. In this article, we describe the application of using mind maps in an undergraduate course focused on teaching leadership theory as an effort to help students think…

The account that word learning starts in earnest during the second year of life, when infants have mastered the disambiguation skills, has recently been challenged by evidence that infants during the first year already know many common words. The preliminary ability to rapidly map and disambiguate linguistic labels was tested in Italian-speaking…

Understanding student cognitive states is essential for assessing human learning. The deep neural networks (DNN)-inspired cognitive state prediction method improved prediction performance significantly; however, the lack of explainability with DNNs and the unitary scoring approach fail to reveal the factors influencing human learning. Identifying…

In this study, first the level of interconnectedness of the key concepts concerning the topic of physical and chemical changes in pre-service chemistry teachers' (PSCTs') semantic memories was explored. Second, the group cognitive structures of the PSCTs that contain associations between these key concepts and the response concepts that appeared…