Freshman students learning English as foreign language have problems in comprehending English texts such as inability to identify main ideas, paragraph topics, supporting details and the organizational structure of a text. They have difficulty writing a summary or making an outline of the main ideas and important supporting details in a single, or…

The Dynamic Learning Maps™ Alternate Assessment is based on a different set of guiding principles than other assessments. In this article we describe characteristics of the alternate assessment population and we look at the history of alternate assessment and the problems that have been faced in implementing useful assessment programs for students…

This article offers an overview of the nature and role of relational thinking and relational reasoning in human learning and performance, both of which pertain to the discernment of meaningful patterns within any informational stream. Distinctions between thinking and reasoning relationally are summarized, along with specific forms of patterning…

Neuroscience techniques provide an open window previously unavailable to the origin of thoughts and actions in children. Developmental cognitive neuroscience is booming, and knowledge from human brain mapping is finding its way into education and pediatric practice. Promises of application in developmental cognitive neuroscience rests however on…

This study aims to analyse and describe the ideas of pupils (aged 10-15 years) about ID. Overall 2324 pupils (without disability) from 23 Czech primary schools of the so-called mainstream education participated in the study. Pupils' concepts associated with ID were analysed using mind mapping methods. It was found that an overall frequency of…

In this chapter, we focus on the difficulties children face when learning place value and how current psychological theories of relational learning may be leveraged by teachers. We discuss two major psychological mechanisms known to support relational learning--statistical learning and structure mapping--and review the evidence showing how these…

Metacognitive skills play a central role in the student learning process. However, there is a limited report consider regarding any learning model that can enhance students' metacognitive skills, particularly related to students' academic level. This current research aimed to perform the Simas Eric Learning Model (SELM) by considering students'…

We investigated symbolic understanding, word-picture-referent mapping, and engagement in children with autism spectrum condition (ASC) and ability-matched typically developing children. Participants viewed coloured pictorial symbols of a novel object (given a novel name) on an iPad in one of three conditions: static 2D images and either…

We regularly compare magnitudes and describe these comparisons to other people. This article reports 9 experiments that examine how messages about the relative magnitude of two items affect inferences about the items' spatial arrangement. Native English speakers were given sentences such as "One tree is taller than the other," and their…

Drawing on the model of managerial responses to multiple organisational identities (integration, aggregation, compartmentalisation, deletion and multivocality), this article explores managerial responses in Ukrainian research universities whilst means-ends decoupling takes place at the state level. The latter term implies that practices of state…

Infants are sensitive to statistical regularities (i.e., transitional probabilities, or TPs) relevant to segmenting words in fluent speech. However, there is debate about whether tracking TPs results in representations of possible words. Infants show preferential learning of sequences with high TPs (HTPs) as object labels relative to those with…

The type of processing-resource allocation (TOPRA) model predicts that increasing one type of processing (semantic, structural, or mapping oriented) can decrease other types of processing and their learning counterparts. This study examined how semantic and structural tasks affect the mapping component of second language (L2) vocabulary learning.…

Do children learn a new word by tracking co-occurrences between words and referents across multiple instances ("cross-situational learning" models), or is word-learning a "one-track" process, where learners maintain a single hypothesis about the possible referent, which may be verified or falsified in future occurrences…

This study focused on the relationships between knowledge mapping construction methods and learning performance. The different knowledge mapping methods (by experts vs. by self-learners) were assumed to achieve different learning performance levels. The results of this study show that neither different knowledge map construction methods nor…

The aim of this research is to analyze the cognitive structures of gifted students regarding the concept of innovation. The phenomenology design, one of the qualitative research method designs, was used in the study. The criterion sampling method, one of the purposeful sampling methods, was used to determine the study group of the research. In the…