An emerging literature indicates that dispositional bias in causal attribution of social behavior is weaker for people with working-class (vs. middle-class) backgrounds. However, it is unknown whether this difference is also present in spontaneous forms of trait inference. In the current work, American undergraduates were asked to merely memorize…

Every year 1.3 million U.S. high school students drop out of school with one quarter of female students failing to graduate on time. Female dropouts are more likely to be unemployed, to earn less when they are employed, to become pregnant before the age of 20, to become obese, to smoke, and to drink more heavily than their male counterparts. This…

THE QUESTIONNAIRE CONTAINS 72 ITEMS DESIGNED TO ASSESS THE VALUE POSITIONS OF INDIVIDUALS ON NINE DIMENSIONS. THESE DIMENSIONS REPRESENT VALUE PROBLEMS OF RELEVANCE TO THE TOTAL AMERICAN SOCIETY AND OF PARTICULAR CONCERN TO PERSONS IN THE FIELD OF SOCIAL WORK AND RELATED FIELDS OF GENERAL SOCIAL WELFARE. VALUE POSITIONS, AND QUITE OFTEN VALUE…

COLLEGE CLASSROOM CONDITIONS WHICH ADVANCE OR IMPEDE STUDENT ABILITY IN COGNITIVE ANALYSIS AND/OR SYNTHESIS BY THOUGHT AND PERCEPTION WERE EXPLORED. TWO BASIC COMPARISONS WERE MADE--(1) INDIVIDUAL VERSUS GROUP MEMORIZATION AND PROBLEM SOLVING USING POOLING-OF-ABILITIES MODELS AND (2) THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PROGRAMS VERSUS CONVENTIONAL INSTRUCTIONAL…

THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERING TEACHER CHARACTERISTICS AND OF VARIOUS STUDENT CHARACTERISTICS UPON LEARNING IN COLLEGE WERE MEASURED BY AN INSTRUMENT CALLED THE "CRITERIA TEST," WHICH CONTAINED SUBTESTS FOR MEASURING SEVERAL LEVELS OF COGNITIVE COURSE OUTCOMES AS FUNCTIONS OF INTERACTIONS AMONG METHODS OF TEACHING, TEACHER PERSONALITY, AND…

Four presentations from the 1985 Annual Michigan School Testing Conference on "Assessing Higher Order Skills" are offered in this paper, and the chairman of the First General Session provides an introductory section. The papers individually and collectively address the problem of defining higher order thinking skills. A second major…

The Saginaw Prekindergarten Program is designed to provide four-year-olds with an environment that will enable them to develop skills needed for future success in school, and to prepare inner city children for entry into kindergarten. The objectives of the program include specific achievements in 16 cognitive skills, psychomotor skills, and…

The Michigan School Readiness Program (MSRP) is a state-funded prekindergarten program in Saginaw for at-risk 4-year-old children. The overall goal of the program is to provide these 4-year-olds with an environment that will enable them to develop school readiness skills in seven program component areas: cognitive, psychomotor, affective, parent…

The Michigan School Readiness Program (MSRP) is a state-funded prekindergarten program in Saginaw for 4-year-old children from the inner city. Its goal is to provide an environment that develops school readiness skills in seven areas: cognitive, psychomotor, affective, parent participation/education, curriculum, staff development, and community…