Student modeling is useful in educational research and technology development due to a capability to estimate latent student attributes. Widely used approaches, such as the Additive Factors Model (AFM), have shown satisfactory results, but they can only handle binary outcomes, which may yield potential information loss. In this work, we propose a…

To measure individual difference in latent attributes more precisely, this study proposed a new cognitive diagnosis model (CDM), which is referred as the probabilistic-inputs, noisy conjunctive (PINC) model, by treating the deterministic binary latent attributes as probabilistic, and directly estimating the probability in the model. Simulation…

Wisdom, as a form of cognitive functioning, includes different types of knowledge and values, and it seems that increasing the knowledge about the world and different experiences may facilitate their development. School system usually pays more attention to accumulation of knowledge, but little related to wisdom. In this study wisdom…

The least squares distance method (LSDM) was used in a cognitive diagnostic analysis of TIMSS (Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study) items administered to 4,498 8th-grade students from seven geographical regions of Turkey, extending analysis of attributes from content to process and skill attributes. Logit item positions were…

A discussion of models of intellectual development and their application to education identifies the two major groups of such models and examines recent attempts to combine them. The two types of theories are described as the psychometric models, which see intellectual growth as the incremental amassing and associating of discrete ideas, and the…

The Full Scale Intelligence Quotient on tests such as the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R) provides a single score which describes a person's over-all performance in relation to other people of similar age. However, two people with identical Full Scale scores may have quite different profiles of strengths and weaknesses.…

To provide a differentiated characterization of autistic children's logical deficits, a non-verbal, microanalytic method designed for infants and young children was used. Subjects were 12 autistic children ranging in age from 5 to 7 years and a control group of 12 normal children ranging in age from 23 to 30 months. Subjects were given two…

Although the accuracy of the diagnosis of cognitive impairment in the elderly depends on the appropriateness of the norms for the neuropsychological tests used, the importance of examining health status, native intelligence, and gender when attempting to describe cognitive changes of aging has received little attention. The Rey Auditory Verbal…

The importance of validity and reliability in the componential analysis of human intelligence is discussed. The roles of construct, internal, external, convergent, discriminant, and ecological validity in componential analysis are outlined. Within-replication (internal-consistency) and between-replication (alternate-forms or test-retest)…

The relationship between transformation problem performance and Guilford Structure of Intellect (SI) abilities is explored. During two group sessions 42 females and 35 males, age 18-39, were administered 12 Guilford SI tests exemplifying all five symbolic content (numeric) operations, and three contents in the divergent production area. Logical…

Presents study which evaluated L2 performance of 15 bilingual preschool children in terms of basic interpersonal communicative skills (BICS) and cognitive/academic language proficiency (CALP). Results show that several aspects of L2 proficiency by which teachers frequently evaluate students' mastery of English are poor predictors of…

Rudolf Arnheim, former Harvard Professor of the Psychology of Art, developed a theory that the perception of the structure of things in the world is based on simultaneous use of two primary systems: (1) the cosmic system of concentricity and (2) the parochial system of the Cartesian grid. The Cartesin grid imposes order, while the concentric…

Comparisons between individuals who attempt suicide and those who complete suicide have shown that the two groups are not necessarily from the same population. Similar comparisons have not been reported between attempters and individuals who voice thoughts of suicide but make no overt attempt (ideators). Since therapists are commonly required to…

The secondary task method is utilized to assess cognitive capacity usage during, and immediately following, interspersed mathemagenic questions of different levels. The method also assesses the relationship between this usage and prose material recalled or recognized from differing positions and different types. The experiment involved 120…

A research study was conducted to determine if incorporating different types of pictorial illustrations into a slide-tape instructional program would improve achievement scores and affect processing time of bilingual students when they were tested on different types of learning objectives. Fifty-four undergraduate bilingual students from a Puerto…