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Goya-Maldonado, Roberto; Keil, Maria; Brodmann, Katja; Gruber, Oliver – Creativity Research Journal, 2018
Humans possess an invaluable ability of self-expression that extends into visual, literary, musical, and many other fields of creation. More than any other profession, artists are in close contact with this subdomain of creativity. Probably one of the most intriguing aspects of creativity is its negative correlation with the availability of…
Descriptors: Rewards, Artists, Creativity, Adults
Servant, Mathieu; Cassey, Peter; Woodman, Geoffrey F.; Logan, Gordon D. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2018
Automaticity allows us to perform tasks in a fast, efficient, and effortless manner after sufficient practice. Theories of automaticity propose that across practice processing transitions from being controlled by working memory to being controlled by long-term memory retrieval. Recent event-related potential (ERP) studies have sought to test this…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Long Term Memory, Cognitive Measurement, Brain
Key-DeLyria, Sarah E. – Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 2016
Purpose: Sentence processing can be affected following a traumatic brain injury (TBI) due to linguistic or cognitive deficits. Language-related event-related potentials (ERPs), particularly the P600, have not been described in individuals with TBI history. Method: Four young adults with a history of closed head injury participated. Two had severe…
Descriptors: Sentences, Language Processing, Head Injuries, Neurological Impairments
Barber, Horacio A.; Otten, Leun J.; Kousta, Stavroula-Thaleia; Vigliocco, Gabriella – Brain and Language, 2013
Relative to abstract words, concrete words typically elicit faster response times and larger N400 and N700 event-related potential (ERP) brain responses. These effects have been interpreted as reflecting the denser links to associated semantic information of concrete words and their recruitment of visual imagery processes. Here, we examined…
Descriptors: Language Processing, Reaction Time, Responses, Brain
Themanson, Jason R.; Rosen, Peter J.; Pontifex, Matthew B.; Hillman, Charles H.; McAuley, Edward – Brain and Cognition, 2012
This study examines the relation between the error-related negativity (ERN) and post-error behavior over time in healthy young adults (N = 61). Event-related brain potentials were collected during two sessions of an identical flanker task. Results indicated changes in ERN and post-error accuracy were related across task sessions, with more…
Descriptors: Brain, Behavior, Accuracy, Young Adults
German, Tamsin C.; Cohen, Adam S. – British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 2012
The potential utility of a distinction between "automatic (or spontaneous) and implicit" versus "controlled and explicit" processes in theory of mind (ToM) is undercut by the fact that the terms can be employed to describe different but related distinctions within cognitive systems serving that function. These include distinctions in the…
Descriptors: Cues, Theory of Mind, Cognitive Processes, Beliefs
Schipke, Christine S.; Knoll, Lisa J.; Friederici, Angela D.; Oberecker, Regine – Developmental Science, 2012
The acquisition of the function of case-marking is a key step in the development of sentence processing for German-speaking children since case-marking reveals the relations between sentential arguments. In this study, we investigated the development of the processing of case-marking and argument structures in children at 3, 4;6 and 6 years of…
Descriptors: Preschool Children, Sentence Structure, Grammar, Nouns
Sammons, Janice R. – ProQuest LLC, 2009
Reading problems are the most frequent referring reasons for special education evaluations. Recent changes in the law have implications for the changing role of the school psychologist, specifically the evaluation and identification of students with reading disabilities. Traditionally, the assessment of children with suspected reading disabilities…
Descriptors: Reading Difficulties, Identification, Educational Assessment, Role
Gray, Wayne D.; Fu, Wai-Tat – Cognitive Science, 2004
Constraints and dependencies among the elements of embodied cognition form patterns or microstrategies of interactive behavior. Hard constraints determine which microstrategies are possible. Soft constraints determine which of the possible microstrategies are most likely to be selected. When selection is non-deliberate or automatic the least…
Descriptors: Behavior, Memory, Perception, Psychomotor Skills
Miller, Norman; Baron, Robert S. – 1971
The discussion outlines a number of complex problems in both measuring counterarguing and establishing its causal role in the persuasion process. The authors emphasize that given these limitations, data from measures cannot at this point clearly establish the validity of theoretical positions that emphasize counterarguing as an intervening…
Descriptors: Attitude Change, Attitudes, Behavior, Beliefs

McReynolds, William T. – Journal of Research in Personality, 1980
The essentials of learned helplessness theory are described and supporting evidence surveyed. The explanation Seligman and Maier give for these findings is critically analyzed. A schedule-shift discrimination theory of learned helplessness effects is also discussed. (Author)
Descriptors: Adults, Behavior, Cognitive Measurement, Depression (Psychology)
Lerman, Caryn; Davison, Gerald C. – 1985
Type A behavior involves struggle for achievement, chronic time-urgency, and hostile aggression as opposed to Type B behavior, which is the absence of these behaviors. Type A behavior has been associated with the prevalence, recurrence, and future incidence of coronary heart disease. The attributions and achievement-relevant cognitions of 50 Type…
Descriptors: Attribution Theory, Behavior, Cognitive Measurement, Cognitive Style

Borden, Richard J.; Schettino, Andrew P. – Journal of Environmental Education, 1979
Described is a study to test the assumption that factual knowledge and feelings are independent variables acting to some extent to produce environmentally responsible action. (Author/RE)
Descriptors: Affective Behavior, Attitudes, Behavior, Behavioral Science Research
BENNETT, WILLIAM S., JR. – 1962
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE CLASSES OF COGNITIVE PHENOMENA WAS INVESTIGATED, I.E., THE MOTIVATIONAL STRUCTURE AND THE DEGREE OF PERCEIVED ROLE DISPARITY OF TEACHERS. ONE ELEMENT OF MOTIVATION, CALLED "ORIENTATION FOR CHANGE," WAS RELATED TO DIFFERENT TYPES OF ROLE DISPARITY, INCLUDING "OPTIMISM" OR THE EXTENT IN WHICH THE…
Descriptors: Attitudes, Behavior, Cognitive Measurement, Comparative Analysis

Cotterell, John L. – Psychology in the Schools, 1982
Reviews studies (N=35) relating to matching environments to learners. Grouped studies according to their outcome measures into affective, behavioral, and achievement outcomes. Empirical support for the matching principle was found for all three outcomes, but varied from strong support for affective and behavioral criteria to moderate support for…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Affective Measures, Behavior, Cognitive Measurement
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