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Luce, R. Duncan – Psychological Review, 2012
The article first summarizes the assumptions of Luce (2004, 2008) for inherently binary (2-D) stimuli (e.g., the ears and eyes) that lead to a "p-additive," order-preserving psychophysical representation. Next, a somewhat parallel theory for unary (1-D) signals is developed for intensity attributes such as linear extent, vibration to finger, and…
Descriptors: Prediction, Theories, Cognitive Processes, Stimuli
Costanzo, Marina L.; Costanzo, Mark A. – Teaching of Psychology, 2013
The prediction of dangerousness and the insanity defense are two areas where psychologists provide research-based expertise to the courts. Teachers of psychology can use these topics to capture the attention of students and to show how psychological research and theory can inform and influence the legal system. Specifically, teachers can use the…
Descriptors: Clinical Psychology, Psychology, Crime, Court Litigation
Yamaguchi, Ryoko; Hall, Adam; Stapleton, Katina; Doolittle, Emily; Buckley, Jacquelyn – National Center for Education Research, 2016
The purpose of this compendium is to catalog NCER's and NCSER's contributions to social-behavioral research. Research undertaken as part of these projects is contributing to a knowledge base that ultimately aims to improve academic outcomes for students via improvements in students' social-behavioral competencies, teachers' practices, and the…
Descriptors: Social Science Research, Behavioral Science Research, Research Projects, Public Agencies
American Psychologist, 2012
Presents a short biography of one of the winners of the American Psychological Association's Award for Distinguished Scientific Early Career Contributions to Psychology. The 2012 winner is Bethany Ann Teachman for transformative, translational research integrating social cognition, life-span, and perceptual approaches to investigating clinical…
Descriptors: Recognition (Achievement), Anxiety Disorders, Social Cognition, Psychology
American Psychologist, 2012
Presents a short biography of one of the winners of the American Psychological Association's Award for Distinguished Scientific Early Career Contributions to Psychology. The 2012 winner is Laurie R. Santos for creative and insightful investigations of cognition across a broad range of species and psychological domains, illuminating cognitive…
Descriptors: Recognition (Achievement), Animal Behavior, Developmental Psychology, Social Psychology
Barnes-Holmes, Dermot; Barnes-Holmes, Yvonne; Stewart, Ian; Boles, Shawn – Psychological Record, 2010
The current article outlines a behavior-analytic approach to the study of so-called implicit attitudes and cognition. The Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure (IRAP), the conceptual basis of which was derived from relational frame theory, is offered as a methodology that may be used in the experimental analysis of implicit attitudes and…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Attitudes, Interpersonal Relationship, Behavioral Science Research
Rouder, Jeffrey N.; Morey, Richard D. – Psychological Review, 2009
Following G. T. Fechner (1966), thresholds have been conceptualized as the amount of intensity needed to transition between mental states, such as between a states of unconsciousness and consciousness. With the advent of the theory of signal detection, however, discrete-state theory and the corresponding notion of threshold have been discounted.…
Descriptors: Psychometrics, Probability, Item Response Theory, Cognitive Processes
Jozefowiez, J.; Staddon, J. E. R.; Cerutti, D. T. – Psychological Review, 2009
The authors propose a simple behavioral economic model (BEM) describing how reinforcement and interval timing interact. The model assumes a Weber-law-compliant logarithmic representation of time. Associated with each represented time value are the payoffs that have been obtained for each possible response. At a given real time, the response with…
Descriptors: Intervals, Metacognition, Reinforcement, Time
Baker, Jonathan C.; LeBlanc, Linda A.; Raetz, Paige B. – Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 2008
Aphasia is an acquired language impairment that affects over 1 million individuals, the majority of whom are over age 65 (Groher, 1989). This disorder has typically been conceptualized within a cognitive neuroscience framework, but a behavioral interpretation of aphasia is also possible. Skinner's (1957) analysis of verbal behavior proposes a…
Descriptors: Responses, Stimuli, Aphasia, Language Impairments
American Psychologist, 2009
Ahmad R. Hariri, recipient of the Award for Distinguished Scientific Early Career Contributions to Psychology, is cited for pioneering contributions to understanding the neurobiological mechanisms driving individual differences in complex behavior traits. Hariri has integrated molecular genetics, neuropharmacology, neuroimaging, and psychology in…
Descriptors: Recognition (Achievement), Individual Differences, Genetics, Psychology
Brown, Gordon D. A.; Neath, Ian; Chater, Nick – Psychological Review, 2007
A model of memory retrieval is described. The model embodies four main claims: (a) temporal memory--traces of items are represented in memory partly in terms of their temporal distance from the present; (b) scale-similarity--similar mechanisms govern retrieval from memory over many different timescales; (c) local distinctiveness--performance on a…
Descriptors: Memorization, Memory, Brain, Behavioral Science Research
Willis, Judy – Childhood Education, 2007
The past two decades have provided extraordinary progress in our understanding of the nature of learning. Never before have neuroscience and classroom instruction been so closely linked. Now, educators can find evidence-based neuroimaging and brain-mapping studies to determine the most effective ways to teach, as advances in technology enable…
Descriptors: Teaching Methods, Memory, Brain, Cognitive Processes
Kanter, J. W.; Busch, A. M.; Weeks, C. E.; Landes, S. J. – Behavior Analyst, 2008
In this article we discuss the traditional behavioral models of depression and some of the challenges analyzing a phenomenon with such complex and varied features. We present the traditional model and suggest that it does not capture the complexity of the phenomenon, nor do syndromal models of depression that dominate the mainstream…
Descriptors: Emotional Response, Cognitive Processes, Depression (Psychology), Symptoms (Individual Disorders)
Lejeune, Helga; Richelle, Marc; Wearden, J. H. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2006
The article discusses two important influences of B. F. Skinner, and later workers in the behavior-analytic tradition, on the study of animal timing. The first influence is methodological, and is traced from the invention of schedules imposing temporal constraints or periodicities on animals in "The Behavior of Organisms," through the rate…
Descriptors: Animals, Animal Behavior, Behavioral Science Research, Scheduling
Hisrich, Robert; Langan-Fox, Janice; Grant, Sharon – American Psychologist, 2007
Entrepreneurship is a major source of employment, economic growth, and innovation, promoting product and service quality, competition, and economic flexibility. It is also a mechanism by which many people enter the society's economic and social mainstream, aiding culture formation, population integration, and social mobility. This article aims to…
Descriptors: Research Opportunities, Public Policy, Psychologists, Psychopathology
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