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Martini, Markus; Wasmeier, Jessica R.; Talamini, Francesca; Huber, Stefan E.; Sachse, Pierre – Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 2022
Wakeful resting and listening to music are powerful means to modulate memory. How these activities affect memory when directly compared has not been tested so far. In two experiments, participants encoded and immediately recalled two word lists followed by either 6 min wakefully resting or 6 min listening to music. The results of Experiment 1 show…
Descriptors: Music, Memory, Cognitive Processes, Recall (Psychology)
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Wei Chen; Shujuan Ye; Xin Yan; Xiaowei Ding – Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 2024
Massive studies have explored biological motion (BM) crowds processing for their remarkable social significance, primarily focused on uniformly distributed ones. However, real-world BM crowds often exhibit hierarchical structures rather than uniform arrangements. How such structured BM crowds are processed remains a subject of inquiry. This study…
Descriptors: Biology, Motion, Cognitive Processes, Short Term Memory
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Richmond, Lauren L.; Kearley, Julia; Schwartz, Shawn T.; Hargis, Mary B. – Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 2023
Although cognitive offloading, or the use of physical action to reduce internal cognitive demands, is a commonly used strategy in everyday life, relatively little is known about the conditions that encourage offloading and the memorial consequences of different offloading strategies for performance. Much of the extant work in this domain has…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Difficulty Level, Memory, Drug Therapy
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Nicole Antes; Stephan Schwan; Markus Huff – Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 2025
In today's rapid dissemination of information, discerning truth from falsehood is crucial. We investigated how cues signaling information veracity influence memory accuracy and confidence in coherent narratives. Two studies manipulated perceptual difficulty in distinguishing true-labeled from false-labeled information in event descriptions using…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Memory, Cues, Accuracy
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Newman, Vera E.; Yee, Hannah F.; Walker, Adrian R.; Toumbelekis, Metaxia; Most, Steven B. – Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 2021
People often need to update representations of information upon discovering them to be incorrect, a process that can be interrupted by competing cognitive demands. Because anxiety and stress can impair cognitive performance, we tested whether looming threat can similarly interfere with the process of updating representations of a statement's…
Descriptors: Memory, Cognitive Processes, Difficulty Level, Anxiety
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Huff, Mark J.; Maxwell, Nicholas P.; Mitchell, Anie – Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 2022
A common method used by memory scholars to enhance retention is to make materials more challenging to learn--a benefit termed desirable difficulties. Recently, researchers have investigated the efficacy of Sans Forgetica, a perceptually disfluent/distinctive font which may increase processing effort required at study and enhance memory as a…
Descriptors: Memory, Cognitive Processes, Layout (Publications), Printing
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Pathman, Thanujeni; Deker, Lina; Parmar, Puneet Kaur; Adkins, Mark Christopher; Polyn, Sean M. – Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 2023
Free-recall paradigms have greatly influenced our understanding of memory. The majority of this research involves laboratory-based events (e.g., word lists) that are studied and tested within minutes. This literature shows that adults recall events in a temporally organized way, with successive responses often coming from neighboring list…
Descriptors: Recall (Psychology), Memory, Cognitive Processes, Young Children
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Crawford, Jennifer L.; Eisenstein, Sarah A.; Peelle, Jonathan E.; Braver, Todd S. – Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 2022
Stable individual differences in cognitive motivation (i.e., the tendency to engage in and enjoy effortful cognitive activities) have been documented with self-report measures, yet convergent support for a trait-level construct is still lacking. In the present study, we used an innovative decision-making paradigm (COG-ED) to quantify the costs of…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Decision Making, Individual Differences, Short Term Memory
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Vaitonyte, Julija; Alimardani, Maryam; Louwerse, Max M. – Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 2022
Virtual faces have been found to be rated less human-like and remembered worse than photographic images of humans. What it is in virtual faces that yields reduced memory has so far remained unclear. The current study investigated face memory in the context of virtual agent faces and human faces, real and manipulated, considering two factors of…
Descriptors: Human Body, Visual Perception, Memory, Computer Simulation
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Boutet, Isabelle; Meinhardt-Injac, Bozana – Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 2021
Background: Face-identity processing declines with age. Few studies have examined whether face-identity processing abilities can be measured independently from general cognitive abilities in older adults (OA). This question has practical implications for the assessment of face-identity processing abilities in OA and theoretical implications for…
Descriptors: Individual Differences, Identification, Cognitive Processes, Older Adults
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Garcia-Marques, Teresa; Oliveira, Manuel; Nunes, Ludmila – Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 2022
Previous research has mostly approached face recognition and target identification by focusing on face perception mechanisms, but memory mechanisms also appear to play a role. Here, we examined how the presence of a mask interferes with the memory mechanisms involved in face recognition, focusing on the dynamic interplay between encoding and…
Descriptors: Recognition (Psychology), Human Body, Cognitive Processes, Memory
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Fröscher, Lea; Friedrich, Ann-Kathrin; Berentelg, Max; Widmer, Curtis; Gilbert, Sam J.; Papenmeier, Frank – Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 2022
Nowadays individuals can readily set reminders to offload intentions onto external resources, such as smartphone alerts, rather than using internal memory. Individuals tend to be biased, setting more reminders than would be optimal. We address the question whether the reminder bias depends on offloading scenarios being framed as either gains or…
Descriptors: Memory, Cognitive Processes, Bias, Risk
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Brooklyn J. Corbett; Jason M. Tangen; Rachel A. Searston; Matthew B. Thompson – Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 2024
Expert fingerprint examiners demonstrate impressive feats of memory that may support their accuracy when making high-stakes identification decisions. Understanding the interplay between expertise and memory is therefore critical. Across two experiments, we tested fingerprint examiners and novices on their visual short-term memory for fingerprints.…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Police, Novices, Expertise
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Papesh, Megan H.; Hout, Michael C.; Guevara Pinto, Juan D.; Robbins, Arryn; Lopez, Alexis – Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 2021
Domain-specific expertise changes the way people perceive, process, and remember information from that domain. This is often observed in visual domains involving skilled searches, such as athletics referees, or professional visual searchers (e.g., security and medical screeners). Although existing research has compared expert to novice performance…
Descriptors: Visual Perception, Eye Movements, Expertise, Cognitive Processes
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Alonso, David; Lavelle, Mark; Drew, Trafton – Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 2021
Prior research has shown that interruptions lead to a variety of performance costs. However, these costs are heterogenous and poorly understood. Under some circumstances, interruptions lead to large decreases in accuracy on the primary task, whereas in others task duration increases, but task accuracy is unaffected. Presently, the underlying cause…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Interference (Learning), Visual Perception, Performance
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