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Kail, Robert – Developmental Psychology, 1991
Children and adults were tested on six speeded perceptual-motor and cognitive tasks, including a (1) response time task; (2) button tapping task; (3) pegboard task; (4) coding task; (5) picture matching task; and (6) mental addition task. Age-related change in processing time on most of these tasks was described by a single exponential function.…
Descriptors: Addition, Adolescents, Adults, Age Differences

Geary, David C.; And Others – Developmental Psychology, 1991
Over a 10-month period, normal children showed an increased reliance on memory retrieval and a decreased reliance on counting when they solved addition problems. There was an increase in speed of counting and of retrieving addition facts from long-term memory. Children with a mathematical learning disability showed no change in problem-solving…
Descriptors: Addition, Cognitive Processes, Computation, Elementary School Students