This study tests the idea that visual presentation leads to higher performance on a delayed recall test than auditory presentation. It is predicted that the normal immediate free recall procedure yields a different pattern of results on a delayed test than a condition having immediate recall of each list. (CLK)

The nature of the memory representation of two types of information in picture stories is examined: surface information, arising directly from pictures, and conceptual information, inferred from connecting pictures into a story. (CHK)

In six experiments subjects saw and pronounced, either aloud or silently, seven-item lists made from vocabularies of phonologically identical items. These materials were used to test the predictions of a precategorical and a postcategorical hypotheses for the modality effect in immediate memory. (Author/SW)

Previous research has shown that concrete concepts are more readily attained than abstract concepts. In the present study this dominance effect was confirmed for verbal materials, even when instances and concepts were equivalent in instance frequency, meaningfulness and conjoint frequency. This effect was especially marked under high memory-load…

Performance changes during the course of single-trial free recall were investigated in five experiments. (Author/RM)

Many theories of memory assume memory representations are abstract and exclude specific lexical information. Results of three experiments in this study suggest lexical information is present and persists in memory representations of meaning. A word-based theory of memory should be preferred over available theoretical alternatives. (CHK)

This study tested predictions from Clark and Haviland's formalization of what people do when integrating information. Subjects were presented with simple sentences issued from a set of complex ideas, and asked to reconstruct the complete ideas. Results support predictions based on a recoding strategy formalized by Clark and Haviland. (CHK)

To test the hypothesis that meaning of a sentence is represented in an abstract format rather than one mediated by words or images, 96 spoken sentences were immediately followed by a word or drawing probe. It was concluded that sentence or probe meaning is represented in an abstract conceptual format. (CHK)

Meyer found subjects were faster to determine if a stimulus word was a member of either of two prespecified categories if the categories were close in meaning. A reanalysis of the data favors instead a model emphasizing the role of decision-making processes in categorization and flexibility of task strategies. (CHK)

Three experiments are reported regarding reaction time. Letter comparison time was found to increase when other irrelevant letters were present, regardless of whether or not the letters made up a word or a word-like configuration. Word comparison time was found to increase when distractors were similar to targets. (Author/RM)

Results of the experiment show that the generality or specificity of the verbal lable determines which of six versions of the drawings are accepted as formerly seen and which are not, and that the pattern of acceptance for the unlabeled parts corresponds to that of the labeled ones. (Author/RM)

Subjects were asked to encode and recall lists of words under the influences of marijuana and a marijuana placebo. Free recall was more complete when both encoding and recall were after marijuana use than in the encode-marijuana, recall-placebo state. Recall must depend on restoration of dissociated encoding state. (CHK)

An experiment is reported which shows that with identical preceding context, the same initial phoneme targets contained in high transitional probability words were responded to significantly faster than those in low transitional probability words. The result argues for the importance of transitional probability as an independent variable in…

The role of imagery is assessed in verbal concept identification and evidence is found that some concepts can be coded as images. (Author/AM)

Two experiments are reported to investigate the theory that since auditory sensory memory is used to store memory information, concurrent auditory stimulation should destroy memory information and thus reduce recall performance. (Author/RM)