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Winterbauer, Neil E.; Lucke, Sara; Bouton, Mark E. – Learning and Motivation, 2013
In resurgence, an operant behavior that has undergone extinction can return ("resurge") when a second operant that has replaced it itself undergoes extinction. The phenomenon may provide insight into relapse that may occur after incentive or contingency management therapies in humans. Three experiments with rats examined the impact of several…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Operant Conditioning, Contingency Management, Animals
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Eacott, Madeline J.; Easton, Alexander – Learning and Motivation, 2012
In this paper we discuss some literature relating to episodic memory, future episodic thinking and mental time travel in humans and non-human animals. We discuss the concept of mental time travel and argue that the concept relies on subjective phenomena such as consciousness and on this basis is not useful when studying episodic memory and future…
Descriptors: Memory, Animals, Cognitive Development, Travel
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Beran, Michael J.; Perdue, Bonnie M.; Bramlett, Jessica L.; Menzel, Charles R.; Evans, Theodore A. – Learning and Motivation, 2012
Prospective memory involves the encoding, retention, and implementation of an intended future action. Although humans show many forms of prospective memory, less is known about the future oriented processes of nonhuman animals, or their ability to use prospective memory. In this experiment, a chimpanzee named Panzee, who had learned to associate…
Descriptors: Memory, Animals, Retention (Psychology), Cognitive Processes
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Zentall, Thomas R. – Learning and Motivation, 2010
When animals code stimuli for later retrieval they can either code them in terms of the stimulus presented (as a retrospective memory) or in terms of the response or outcome anticipated (as a prospective memory). Although retrospective memory is typically assumed (as in the form of a memory trace), evidence of prospective coding has been found…
Descriptors: Animals, Planning, Futures (of Society), Stimuli
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Muller, Melissa D.; Fountain, Stephen B. – Learning and Motivation, 2010
Three experiments examined the processes mediating rat serial pattern learning for rule-consistent versus rule-violating pattern elements ("violation elements"). In all three experiments, rats were trained to press retractable levers in a circular array in a specific sequence for brain-stimulation reward (BSR). Experiment 1 examined the role of…
Descriptors: Animals, Cognitive Processes, Cues, Serial Ordering
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Bonardi, Charlotte – Learning and Motivation, 2007
In Experiment 1, rats were trained on a discrimination in which one occasion setter, A, signaled that one cue (conditioned stimulus, CS), x, would be followed by one outcome, p (unconditioned stimulus, US), and a second CS, y, by a different outcome, q (x [right arrow] p and y [right arrow] q); a second occasion setter, B signalled the reverse…
Descriptors: Stimuli, Experiments, Animals, Animal Behavior
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Grant, Douglas S. – Learning and Motivation, 2006
Pigeons were trained in a matching task with either color (group color-first) or line (group line-first) samples. After asymmetrical training in which each group was initially trained with the same sample on all trials, marked retention asymmetries were obtained. In both groups, accuracy dropped precipitously on trials involving the initially…
Descriptors: Retention (Psychology), Animals, Cognitive Processes, Animal Behavior
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Evans, Theodore A. – Learning and Motivation, 2007
The variables of delay and effort have been found to influence self-control predictably and in similar fashion when tested independently, but it is unclear how they influence self-control interactively. In the present study, I tested these two variables simultaneously to gain better understanding of their combined influence on self-control. A…
Descriptors: Self Control, Animals, Rewards, Task Analysis
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Grant, Douglas S.; Blatz, Craig W. – Learning and Motivation, 2004
Pigeons were trained in a matching task in which samples involved presentation of a white line on a green background (feature-present) or on an otherwise dark key (feature-absent). After asymmetrical training in which one group was initially trained with the feature-present sample and another was initially trained with the feature-absent sample,…
Descriptors: Retention (Psychology), Training, Animals, Cognitive Processes
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Sambeth, A.; Maes, J. H. R. – Learning and Motivation, 2006
The purpose of this experiment was to compare components of the human and rat auditory event-related potential (ERP) in a serial feature-positive discrimination task. Subjects learned to respond to an auditory target stimulus when it followed a visual feature (X [right arrow] A+), but to not respond when it was presented alone (A-). Upon solving…
Descriptors: Animals, Auditory Discrimination, Inhibition, Associative Learning