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Shetreet, Einat; Friedmann, Naama – Neuropsychologia, 2011
When skilled readers read briefly-presented word pairs, they produce between-word errors, in which letters migrate between neighboring words (e.g., "mild wind" can be misread as "wild mind"). Such errors are also produced by individuals with attentional dyslexia, even without time limitation. In this study, we tested several aspects of skilled…
Descriptors: Dyslexia, Error Patterns, Reading Ability, Error Analysis (Language)
Reinhart, Stefan; Schindler, Igor; Kerkhoff, Georg – Neuropsychologia, 2011
Patients with right hemisphere lesions often omit or misread words on the left side of a text or the initial letters of single words, a phenomenon termed neglect dyslexia (ND). Omissions of words on the contralesional side of the page are considered as egocentric or space-based errors, whereas misread words can be viewed as a type of…
Descriptors: Stimulation, Dyslexia, Reading Processes, Patients
Vocat, Roland; Pourtois, Gilles; Vuilleumier, Patrik – Neuropsychologia, 2011
Errors generate typical brain responses, characterized by two successive event-related potentials (ERP) following incorrect action: the error-related negativity (ERN) and the positivity error (Pe). However, it is unclear whether these error-related responses are sensitive to the magnitude of the error, or instead show all-or-none effects. We…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Diagnostic Tests, Error Patterns
van Wouwe, N. C.; Ridderinkhof, K. R.; Band, G. P. H.; van den Wildenberg, W. P. M.; Wylie, S. A. – Neuropsychologia, 2012
Learning to select optimal behavior in new and uncertain situations is a crucial aspect of living and requires the ability to quickly associate stimuli with actions that lead to rewarding outcomes. Mathematical models of reinforcement-based learning to select rewarding actions distinguish between (1) the formation of stimulus-action-reward…
Descriptors: Mathematical Models, Diseases, Patients, Rewards
Paynter, Christopher A.; Kotovsky, Kenneth; Reder, Lynne M. – Neuropsychologia, 2010
When subjects are given the balls-and-boxes problem-solving task (Kotovsky & Simon, 1990), they move rapidly towards the goal after an extended exploratory phase, despite having no awareness of how to solve the task. We investigated possible non-conscious learning mechanisms by giving subjects three runs of the task while recording ERPs. Subjects…
Descriptors: Problem Solving, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Diagnostic Tests, Task Analysis
Reinhart, Stefan; Keller, Ingo; Kerkhoff, Georg – Neuropsychologia, 2010
Patients with right hemisphere lesions often omit or misread words on the left side of a text or the beginning letters of single words which is termed neglect dyslexia (ND). Two types of reading errors are typically observed in ND: omissions and word-based reading errors. The prior are considered as space-based omission errors on the…
Descriptors: Reading Difficulties, Reading Tests, Patients, Error Patterns
Hickok, Gregory; Pickell, Herbert; Klima, Edward; Bellugi, Ursula – Neuropsychologia, 2009
We examine the hemispheric organization for the production of two classes of ASL signs, lexical signs and classifier signs. Previous work has found strong left hemisphere dominance for the production of lexical signs, but several authors have speculated that classifier signs may involve the right hemisphere to a greater degree because they can…
Descriptors: Brain Hemisphere Functions, Spatial Ability, American Sign Language, Neurological Organization
Koch, Kathrin; Wagner, Gerd; Schultz, Christoph; Schachtzabel, Claudia; Nenadic, Igor; Axer, Martina; Reichenbach, Jurgen R.; Sauer, Heinrich; Schlosser, Ralf G. M. – Neuropsychologia, 2009
Deficits in working memory (WM) and executive cognitive control are core features of schizophrenia. However, findings regarding functional activation strengths are heterogeneous, partly due to differences in task demands and behavioral performance. Previous investigators proposed integrating these heterogeneous findings into a comprehensive model…
Descriptors: Schizophrenia, Adolescents, Patients, Short Term Memory
Dhar, Monica; Been, Pieter H.; Minderaa, Ruud B.; Althaus, Monika – Neuropsychologia, 2010
Twenty male adults with ADHD, 16 dyslexic adults, 15 comorbid adults, and 16 normal controls were compared on performance and underlying brain responses, during a cued Continuous Performance Test (O-X CPT), with the aim of discovering features of information processing differentiating between the groups. The study evaluated both cue- and…
Descriptors: Reaction Time, Dyslexia, Performance Tests, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Eppinger, Ben; Kray, Jutta; Mock, Barbara; Mecklinger, Axel – Neuropsychologia, 2008
This study examined age differences in error processing and reinforcement learning. We were interested in whether the electrophysiological correlates of error processing, the error-related negativity (ERN) and the feedback-related negativity (FRN), reflect learning-related changes in younger and older adults. To do so, we applied a probabilistic…
Descriptors: Feedback (Response), Older Adults, Age Differences, Reinforcement
Vocat, Roland; Pourtois, Gilles; Vuilleumier, Patrik – Neuropsychologia, 2008
The detection of errors is known to be associated with two successive neurophysiological components in EEG, with an early time-course following motor execution: the error-related negativity (ERN/Ne) and late positivity (Pe). The exact cognitive and physiological processes contributing to these two EEG components, as well as their functional…
Descriptors: Medicine, Cognitive Processes, Anxiety, Brain Hemisphere Functions
Wiersema, Jan R.; van der Meere, Jacob J.; Roeyers, Herbert – Neuropsychologia, 2007
The aim of the study was to investigate the developmental trajectory of error monitoring. For this purpose, children (age 7-8), young adolescents (age 13-14) and adults (age 23-24) performed a Go/No-Go task and were compared on overt reaction time (RT) performance and on event-related potentials (ERPs), thought to reflect error detection…
Descriptors: Reaction Time, Adolescents, Cognitive Processes, Brain Hemisphere Functions