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Direct linkZu, Tianlong – ProQuest LLC, 2017
Cognitive load theory (CLT) (Sweller 1988, 1998, 2010) provides us a guiding framework for designing instructional materials. CLT differentiates three subtypes of cognitive load: intrinsic, extraneous, and germane cognitive load. The three cognitive loads are theorized based on the number of simultaneously processed elements in working memory.…
Descriptors: Physics, Science Instruction, Learning Theories, Experiments
Peer reviewedHushman, Carolyn J.; Marley, Scott C. – Journal of Educational Research, 2015
The authors investigated whether the amount of instructional guidance affects science learning and self-efficacy. Sixty 9- and 10-year-old children were randomly assigned to one of the following three instructional conditions: (a) guided instruction consisting of examples and student-generated explanations, (b) direct instruction consisting of a…
Descriptors: Elementary School Students, Self Efficacy, Science Education, Science Instruction
