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Carlos J. Desme; Anthony S. Dick; Timothy B. Hayes; Shannon M. Pruden – Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 2024
Spatial ability is defined as a cognitive or intellectual skill used to represent, transform, generate, and recall information of an object or the environment. Individual differences across spatial tasks have been strongly linked to science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) interest and success. Several variables have been proposed…
Descriptors: Spatial Ability, Individual Differences, Affective Behavior, Self Esteem
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Brose, Annette; Rueschkamp, Johanna M. Grosse; Kuppens, Peter; Gerstorf, Denis; Schmiedek, Florian – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2023
It has been debated whether working memory (WM) performance is modulated by the valence of the stimuli that are being processed. A recent meta-analysis revealed that at the behavioral level and in individuals without mental health problems, mean-level performance differences in WM tasks with neutral versus affective conditions are small to…
Descriptors: Affective Behavior, Short Term Memory, Psychological Patterns, Psychometrics
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Wang, Yinying – Educational Administration Quarterly, 2021
Purpose: Emotions have a pervasive, predictable, sometimes deleterious but other times instrumental effect on decision making. Yet the influence of emotions on educational leaders' decision making has been largely underexplored. To optimize educational leaders' decision making, this article builds on the prevailing data-driven decision-making…
Descriptors: Psychological Patterns, Instructional Leadership, Decision Making, Justice
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Sun, Peijian Paul – Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 2023
Informed by Segalowitz's (Cognitive bases of second language fluency, Routledge, 2010) L2 speech production model and MacIntyre et al.'s (Mod Lang J 82(4):545-562, 1998. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4781.1998.tb05543.x) L2 willingness to communicate model, this study sought to understand the influence of cognitive, affective and sociocultural…
Descriptors: Individual Differences, Language Fluency, Advanced Students, Chinese
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Wang, Si; Andrews, Glenda; Pendergast, Donna; Neumann, David; Chen, Yulu; Shum, David H. K. – Journal of Cognition and Development, 2022
To date, cross-cultural studies on Theory of Mind (ToM) have predominantly focused on preschoolers. This study focuses on middle childhood, comparing two samples of mainland Chinese (n = 126) and Australian (n = 83) children aged between 5.5 and 12 years. Strange Stories, the most commonly used measure of ToM, was employed. The study aimed to…
Descriptors: Theory of Mind, Preschool Children, Measures (Individuals), Story Telling
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Wieder, Serena – Topics in Language Disorders, 2017
Symbolic play is a powerful vehicle for supporting emotional development and communication. It embraces all developmental capacities. This article describes how symbols are formed and how emotional themes are symbolized whereby children reveal their understanding of the world, their feelings and relationships, and how they see themselves in the…
Descriptors: Play, Emotional Response, Models, Child Development
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Goodboy, Alan K.; Bolkan, San; Baker, James P. – Communication Education, 2018
Guided by assumptions from the cognitive-affective theory of learning with media, we conducted a teaching experiment to corroborate past correlational research that suggested instructor misbehaviors, in the form of antagonism toward students, impede students' cognitive learning. Participants were 472 undergraduate students who were randomly…
Descriptors: Teacher Behavior, Undergraduate Students, Cognitive Processes, Learning Theories
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Swan, Paul; Riley, Philip – Pastoral Care in Education, 2015
Attending to the academic and social/emotional developmental needs of students has and continues to be a significant challenge for teachers and relatively little research examining the impact of teacher empathy exists. Empathy is an important skill for educators to facilitate the creation of a positive learning environment with students and…
Descriptors: Social Development, Emotional Development, Empathy, Teacher Characteristics
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Smith-Schrandt, Heather L.; Ojanen, Tiina; Gesten, Ellis; Feldman, Marissa A.; Calhoun, Casey D. – Child Development, 2011
In accord with increasing recognition of the situation specificity of childhood social behaviors, individual and contextual differences in children's responses to potential peer conflict were examined (hostile attribution, behavioral strategies, and affective reactions; N = 367, 9-2 years, 197 girls). Situational cues from 2 sources, the…
Descriptors: Cues, Self Efficacy, Conflict, Friendship
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Bown, Jennifer; White, Cynthia – International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching (IRAL), 2010
Affective factors in language learning have long attracted attention. While research findings indicate substantial links between affect and achievement, further inquiry into the role and contribution of affect in language learning has been limited by a narrow focus on single emotions and on the disruptive effects of emotion. Drawing on social…
Descriptors: Individual Differences, Social Environment, Cognitive Processes, Epistemology
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Dennis, Tracy A.; Buss, Kristin A.; Hastings, Paul D.; Bell, Martha Ann; Diaz, Anjolii; Adam, Emma K.; Miskovic, Vladimir; Schmidt, Louis A.; Feldman, Ruth; Katz, Lynn Fainsilber; Rigterink, Tami; Strang, Nicole M.; Hanson, Jamie L.; Pollak, Seth D.; Dahl, Ronald E.; Silk, Jennifer S.; Siegle, Greg J.; Beauchaine, Theodore P.; Cicchetti, Dante; Rogosch, Fred A.; Fox, Nathan A.; Kirwan, Michael; Reeb-Sutherland, Bethany; Gunnar, Megan R.; Obradovic, Jelena; Boyce, W. Thomas; Molenaar, Peter C. M.; Gates, Kathleen M. – Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 2012
In the past decade, there has been a dramatic growth in research examining the development of emotion from a physiological perspective. However, this widespread use of physiological measures to study emotional development coexists with relatively few guiding principles, thus reducing opportunities to move the field forward in innovative ways. The…
Descriptors: Physiology, Psychological Patterns, Emotional Development, Measurement
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Barrett, Jennifer; Fleming, Alison S. – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2011
Quality of mothering relies on the integrity of multiple physiological and behavioral systems and on two maternal factors, one proximal and one distal, that have a great impact on how a mother mothers: postpartum depression and early experiences. To mother appropriately requires the action of systems that regulate sensation, perception, affect,…
Descriptors: Mothers, Social Behavior, Systems Approach, Integrity
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Carlson, Stephanie M.; Zayas, Vivian; Guthormsen, Amy – Child Development, 2009
Individual differences in affective decision making were examined by recording event-related potentials (ERPs) while 74 typically developing 8-year-olds (38 boys, 36 girls) completed a 4-choice gambling task (Hungry Donkey Task; E. A. Crone & M. W. van der Molen, 2004). ERP results indicated: (a) a robust P300 component in response to feedback…
Descriptors: Feedback (Response), Punishment, Cognitive Processes, Decision Making
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MacDonald, Kevin B. – Psychological Review, 2008
This article analyzes the effortful control of automatic processing related to social and emotional behavior, including control over evolved modules designed to solve problems of survival and reproduction that were recurrent over evolutionary time. The inputs to effortful control mechanisms include a wide range of nonrecurrent…
Descriptors: Self Control, Affective Behavior, Short Term Memory, Sexuality
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Jonassen, David H. – Educational Technology Research and Development, 2000
Proposes a metatheory of problem solving. Describes differences among problems in terms of their structured ness, domain specificity (abstractness), and complexity; describes individual differences that affect problem solving; and presents a typology of problems, each of which engages different cognitive, affective, and conative process and…
Descriptors: Affective Behavior, Cognitive Processes, Difficulty Level, Individual Differences
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