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Andreas B. Eder; Vanessa Mitschke – npj Science of Learning, 2025
This study investigated outcome-selective Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT) in fight-or-flight decision making. Participants learned to attack or retreat from monsters (instrumental phase) and to associate environments with specific monsters without responding (Pavlovian phase). In the transfer phase, they chose responses to unseen monsters…
Descriptors: Conditioning, Emotional Response, Decision Making, Stimuli
Zhou, Han-yu; Yang, Han-xue; Shi, Li-juan; Lui, Simon S. Y.; Cheung, Eric F. C.; Chan, Raymond C. K. – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2021
Atypical sensory processing has recently gained much research interest as a key domain of autistic symptoms. Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) exhibit difficulties in processing the temporal aspects of sensory inputs, and show altered behavioural responses to sensory stimuli (i.e., sensory responsiveness). The present study examined…
Descriptors: Correlation, Sensory Integration, Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders
Marina Pi-Ruano; Alexandra Fort; Pilar Tejero; Christophe Jallais; Javier Roca – Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 2024
Partially autonomous vehicles can help minimize human errors. However, being free from some driving subtasks can result in a low vigilance state, which can affect the driver's attention towards the road. The present study first tested whether drivers of partially autonomous vehicles would benefit from the addition of auditory versions of the…
Descriptors: Brain Hemisphere Functions, Diagnostic Tests, Task Analysis, Motor Vehicles
Amrani, Anat Kliger; Golumbic, Elana Zion – Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 2022
Purpose: Humans have a near-automatic tendency to entrain their motor actions to rhythms in the environment. Entrainment has been hypothesized to play an important role in processing naturalistic stimuli, such as speech and music, which have intrinsically rhythmic properties. Here, we studied two facets of entraining one's rhythmic motor actions…
Descriptors: Psychomotor Skills, Auditory Perception, Cognitive Processes, Auditory Stimuli
Hiromori, Tomohito – Journal for the Psychology of Language Learning, 2021
Student engagement in the second language classroom has been the focus of numerous researchers and teachers. Previous studies have shown that there are several dimensions of student engagement, but it is still unclear how they change (or not) over time and consequently how they affect actual task performance. This study investigated the task…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Learner Engagement, Task Analysis
Beckmann, Joshua S.; Chow, Jonathan J. – Learning & Memory, 2015
Sign- and goal-tracking are differentially associated with drug abuse-related behavior. Recently, it has been hypothesized that sign- and goal-tracking behavior are mediated by different neurobehavioral valuation systems, including differential incentive salience attribution. Herein, we used different conditioned stimuli to preferentially elicit…
Descriptors: Incentives, Rewards, Correlation, Drug Abuse
Callan, Mitchell J.; Ferguson, Heather J.; Bindemann, Markus – Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 2013
When confronted with bad things happening to good people, observers often engage reactive strategies, such as victim derogation, to maintain a belief in a just world. Although such reasoning is usually made retrospectively, we investigated the extent to which knowledge of another person's good or bad behavior can also bias people's online…
Descriptors: Priming, Eye Movements, Victims, Cognitive Processes
Luce, R. Duncan – Psychological Review, 2012
The article first summarizes the assumptions of Luce (2004, 2008) for inherently binary (2-D) stimuli (e.g., the ears and eyes) that lead to a "p-additive," order-preserving psychophysical representation. Next, a somewhat parallel theory for unary (1-D) signals is developed for intensity attributes such as linear extent, vibration to finger, and…
Descriptors: Prediction, Theories, Cognitive Processes, Stimuli
Wells, Audrey M.; Lasseter, Heather C.; Xie, Xiaohu; Cowhey, Kate E.; Reittinger, Andrew M.; Fuchs, Rita A. – Learning & Memory, 2011
Contextual stimulus control over instrumental drug-seeking behavior relies on the reconsolidation of context-response-drug associative memories into long-term memory storage following retrieval-induced destabilization. According to previous studies, the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and dorsal hippocampus (DH) regulate cocaine-related memory…
Descriptors: Cocaine, Long Term Memory, Cognitive Processes, Animals
Dymond, Simon; Roche, Bryan; Forsyth, John P.; Whelan, Robert; Rhoden, Julia – Psychological Record, 2008
Two experiments were designed to replicate and extend previous findings on the transformation of avoidance response functions in accordance with the relational frames of Same and Opposite. Participants were first exposed to non-arbitrary and arbitrary relational training and testing. Next, during avoidance conditioning, one stimulus from the…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Behavior Patterns, Visual Stimuli, Auditory Stimuli
Akcay, Caglar; Hazeltine, Eliot – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2008
The dependence of the Simon effect on the correspondence of the previous trial can be explained by the conflict-monitoring theory, which holds that a control system adjusts automatic activation from irrelevant stimulus information (conflict adaptation) on the basis of the congruency of the previous trial. The authors report on 4 experiments…
Descriptors: Conflict, Cognitive Processes, Reaction Time, Stimuli
Fan, Jin; Gu, Xiaosi; Guise, Kevin G.; Liu, Xun; Fossella, John; Wang, Hongbin; Posner, Michael I. – Brain and Cognition, 2009
One current conceptualization of attention subdivides it into functions of alerting, orienting, and executive control. Alerting describes the function of tonically maintaining the alert state and phasically responding to a warning signal. Automatic and voluntary orienting are involved in the selection of information among multiple sensory inputs.…
Descriptors: Stimuli, Attention, Brain, Neurological Organization
Finkbeiner, Matthew; Caramazza, Alfonso – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2008
The authors report a series of experiments in which they use the masked congruence priming paradigm to investigate the processing of masked primes in the manual and verbal response modalities. In the manual response modality, they found that masked incongruent primes produced interference relative to both congruent and neutral primes. This…
Descriptors: Behavior Patterns, Responses, Verbal Communication, Language Processing
Risko, Evan F.; Blais, Chris; Stolz, Jennifer A.; Besner, Derek – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2008
Proportion compatible manipulations are often used to index strategic processes in selective attention tasks. Here, a subtle confound in proportion compatible manipulations is considered. Specifically, as the proportion of compatible trials increases, the ratio of complete repetitions and complete alternations to partial repetitions increases on…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Reaction Time, Stimuli, Attention
Siegel, Alexander W. – 1975
The literature on performance differences in various tasks as a function of reflection-impulsivity (R-I) is reviewed in this publication. A series of four experiments is then described which involve the cognitive-perceptual basis of R-I of children on a picture recognition memory task. Results from these studies indicated the following important,…
Descriptors: Behavior Patterns, Child Development, Cognitive Processes, Conceptual Tempo
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