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Levin, Joel R.; Lesgold, Alan M. – Educational Communication and Technology: A Journal of Theory, Research, and Development, 1978
Consistent learning gains are associated with the use of pictures when experiments adhere to five ground rules: (1) prose passages are presented orally; (2) the subjects are children; (3) the passages are fictional narratives; (4) the pictures overlap the story content; and (5) learning is demonstrated by factual recall. (Author)
Descriptors: Behavior Patterns, Cognitive Measurement, Cognitive Processes, Comprehension