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Boutet, Isabelle; Meinhardt-Injac, Bozana – Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 2021
Background: Face-identity processing declines with age. Few studies have examined whether face-identity processing abilities can be measured independently from general cognitive abilities in older adults (OA). This question has practical implications for the assessment of face-identity processing abilities in OA and theoretical implications for…
Descriptors: Individual Differences, Identification, Cognitive Processes, Older Adults
Nicholas J. Wyche; Mark Edwards; Stephanie C. Goodhew – Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 2024
The Useful Field of View task (UFOV) is a strong and reliable predictor of crash risk in older drivers. However, while the functional domain of attention is clearly implicated in UFOV performance, the potential role of one specific attentional process remains unclear: attentional breadth (the spatial extent of the attended region around the point…
Descriptors: Task Analysis, Older Adults, Attention Control, Risk
Gisela Granena – Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 2023
This paper examines how research in second language acquisition has approached the study of cognitive individual differences in the process and product of L2 writing from a theoretical and empirical perspective, paying special attention to the three empirical studies included in this special issue. The paper is divided into three sections. The…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Individual Differences, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction
Ghisletta, Paolo; Mason, Fabio; von Oertzen, Timo; Hertzog, Christopher; Nilsson, Lars-Göran; Lindenberger, Ulman – International Journal of Behavioral Development, 2020
Growth models (GM) of the mixed-effects and latent curve varieties have become popular methodological tools in lifespan research. One of the major advantages of GM is their flexibility in studying individual differences in change. We scrutinized the change functions of GM used in five years of publications on cognitive aging. Of the 162…
Descriptors: Growth Models, Cognitive Development, Cognitive Processes, Aging (Individuals)
Sahin, Feride; Ates, Salih – Electronic Journal for Research in Science & Mathematics Education, 2023
The aim of this study is to examine whether the structural model that Sahin and Ates (2020) put forward about the relationship among students' scientific literacy levels, logical thinking ability, cognitive styles, mental capacity, and mental rotation ability differ in terms of gender. A causal-comparative model approach was used in this study.…
Descriptors: Scientific Literacy, Correlation, Individual Differences, Gender Differences
Tessa L. Johnson; Alexander P. Burgoyne; Kelly S. Mix; Christopher J. Young; Susan C. Levine – Grantee Submission, 2022
Performance on a range of spatial and mathematics tasks was measured in a sample of 1592 students in kindergarten, third grade, and sixth grade. In a previously published analysis of these data, performance was analyzed by grade only. In the present analyses, we examined whether the relations between spatial skill and mathematics skill differed…
Descriptors: Spatial Ability, Mathematics Skills, Age Differences, Socioeconomic Status
Evans, Nathan J.; Steyvers, Mark; Brown, Scott D. – Cognitive Science, 2018
Understanding individual differences in cognitive performance is an important part of understanding how variations in underlying cognitive processes can result in variations in task performance. However, the exploration of individual differences in the components of the decision process--such as cognitive processing speed, response caution, and…
Descriptors: Cognitive Ability, Models, Individual Differences, Cognitive Processes
Hedge, Craig; Powell, Georgina; Bompas, Aline; Sumner, Petroc – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2022
Response control or inhibition is one of the cornerstones of modern cognitive psychology, featuring prominently in theories of executive functioning and impulsive behavior. However, repeated failures to observe correlations between commonly applied tasks have led some theorists to question whether common response conflict processes even exist. A…
Descriptors: Individual Differences, Cognitive Ability, Cognitive Processes, Meta Analysis
Dowling, N. Maritza; Raykov, Tenko; Marcoulides, George A. – Educational and Psychological Measurement, 2019
Longitudinal studies have steadily grown in popularity across the educational and behavioral sciences, particularly with the increased availability of technological devices that allow the easy collection of repeated measures on multiple dimensions of substantive relevance. This article discusses a procedure that can be used to evaluate population…
Descriptors: Longitudinal Studies, Older Adults, Cognitive Processes, Dementia
Heinrich, Antje – International Journal of Behavioral Development, 2021
Listening to speech in a noisy background is difficult for everyone. While such listening has historically been considered mainly in the context of auditory processing, the role of cognition has attracted considerable interest in recent years. This has been particularly true in the context of life-span research and the comparison of younger and…
Descriptors: Schemata (Cognition), Acoustics, Speech Communication, Auditory Perception
Dunn, Kristy; Georgiou, George; Das, J. P. – Roeper Review, 2020
The purpose of this study was to examine whether components of the Planning, Attention, Simultaneous, and Successive (PASS) processing theory of intelligence predict reading and mathematics proficiency in a group of intellectually gifted children. One hundred forty-two intellectually gifted children (70 females, 72 males; M[subscript…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Reading Achievement, Mathematics Achievement, Children
Huijser, Stefan; Taatgen, Niels A.; van Vugt, Marieke K. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2021
Preparing for the future during ongoing activities is an essential skill. Yet it is currently unclear to what extent we can prepare for the future in parallel with another task. In two experiments, we investigated how characteristics of a present task influenced whether and when participants prepared for the future, as well as its usefulness. We…
Descriptors: Futures (of Society), Cognitive Processes, Planning, Short Term Memory
Buss, Aaron T.; Spencer, John P. – Developmental Science, 2018
Executive function (EF) is a key cognitive process that emerges in early childhood and facilitates children's ability to control their own behavior. Individual differences in EF skills early in life are predictive of quality-of-life outcomes 30 years later (Moffitt et al., 2011). What changes in the brain give rise to this critical cognitive…
Descriptors: Executive Function, Cognitive Processes, Individual Differences, Cognitive Ability
Zavala, Catalina; Beam, Christopher R.; Finch, Brian K.; Gatz, Margaret; Johnson, Wendy; Kremen, William S.; Neiderhiser, Jenae M.; Pedersen, Nancy L.; Reynolds, Chandra A. – Developmental Psychology, 2018
We examined whether attained socioeconomic status (SES) moderated genetic and environmental sources of individual differences in cognitive performance using pooled data from 9 adult twin studies. Prior work concerning SES moderation of cognitive performance has focused on rearing SES. The current adult sample of 12,196 individuals (aged 27-98…
Descriptors: Socioeconomic Status, Adults, Cognitive Processes, Genetics
Papadopoulos, Timothy C.; Spanoudis, George; Ktisti, Christiana; Fella, Argyro – European Journal of Psychology of Education, 2021
We investigated the role of linguistic and cognitive processes in reading precocity from kindergarten to grade 2. A sample of 33 precocious readers was identified that did not differ on age, gender, and parental education to a control group of 259 typical readers. The effects of verbal ability were also controlled. All children were administered a…
Descriptors: Reading Skills, Cognitive Processes, Kindergarten, Grade 1