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Maeyer, Jenine; Talanquer, Vicente – Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 2013
Diverse implicit cognitive elements seem to support but also constrain reasoning in different domains. Many of these cognitive constraints can be thought of as either implicit assumptions about the nature of things or reasoning heuristics for decision-making. In this study we applied this framework to investigate college students' understanding of…
Descriptors: Science Instruction, Scientific Concepts, College Science, College Students
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Maeyer, Jenine; Talanquer, Vicente – Science Education, 2010
The characterization of students' cognitive biases is of central importance in the development of curriculum and teaching strategies that better support student learning in science. In particular, the identification of shortcut reasoning procedures (heuristics) used by students to reduce cognitive load can help us devise strategies to foster the…
Descriptors: Methods Research, Heuristics, Chemistry, Teaching Methods
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Mandell, Alan; Lucking, Robert – Journal of Computers in Mathematics and Science Teaching, 1988
Investigates using the microcomputer to develop a sentence parser to simulate intelligent conversation used in artificial intelligence applications. Compares the ability of LOGO and BASIC for this use. Lists and critiques several LOGO and BASIC parser programs. (MVL)
Descriptors: Artificial Intelligence, Cognitive Processes, College Science, Computer Uses in Education
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Herron, J. Dudley; Greenbowe, Thomas J. – Journal of Chemical Education, 1986
Presents a case study analysis which attempts to illuminate the difference between knowledge accumulation and ability to deal with problem solving in stoichiometry. Competence is presented as ability to properly represent, solve, and verify solutions. Discusses rule or algorithm based vs. heuristic based problem solving. (JM)
Descriptors: Case Studies, Chemistry, Cognitive Processes, College Science
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Mandell, Alan; Lucking, Robert – Journal of Computers in Mathematics and Science Teaching, 1988
Discusses programs to provide a knowledge base and use the knowledge in a mode of artificial intelligence. Indicates that two methods of database storage are possible and opts to use a method using many data files while using a small RAM capacity. Lists several programs. (MVL)
Descriptors: Artificial Intelligence, Cognitive Processes, Cognitive Psychology, College Science
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Bodner, George M.; McMillen, Theresa L. B. – Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 1986
Examines the hypothesis that there are preliminary stages in problem solving that are often neglected in teaching chemistry. Discusses correlations calculated between the student's ability to handle disembedding and cognitive restructuring tasks in the spatial domain and ability to solve chemistry problems. (TW)
Descriptors: Algorithms, Chemistry, Cognitive Processes, College Science
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Mandell, Alan; Lucking, Robert – Journal of Computers in Mathematics and Science Teaching, 1989
Compares BASIC and LOGO systems in developing artificial intelligence systems. Provides listings of programs used for translating and sentence making. Describes methodology and compares the BASIC and LOGO programs. (MVL)
Descriptors: Artificial Intelligence, Cognitive Processes, College Science, Computer Uses in Education
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Mandell, Alan; Lucking, Robert – Journal of Computers in Mathematics and Science Teaching, 1989
Compares a program written both in BASIC and LOGO on its inferential and decision making ability. Explains steps in each program and how deductions and decisions are made. (MVL)
Descriptors: Artificial Intelligence, Cognitive Processes, College Science, Computer Software
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Waldrop, M. Mitchell – Science, 1988
Traces the history and function of State, Operator, And Result (SOAR), a general-purpose artificial intelligence program for solving problems. The SOAR can "chunk" the result of a subgoal and learn from previous experiences. The SOAR could be applied to various expert systems. (YP)
Descriptors: Artificial Intelligence, Cognitive Processes, Cognitive Psychology, College Science
Konold, Clifford – 1987
This paper illustrates a model of the layperson's reasoning patterns under conditions of uncertainty, the "outcome approach," which was developed from analysis of videotaped problem-solving interviews with 16 undergraduate students. According to the outcome approach, the goal in questions of uncertainty is to predict the outcome of an…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Cognitive Structures, College Science, Heuristics