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Gaviria, Christian; Corredor, Javier – Metacognition and Learning, 2021
The Illusion of Explanatory Depth (IOED) occurs when people overestimate their ability to explain the causal mechanisms of natural or social processes. Prior research has attributed this metacognitive bias to confounding the understanding of abstract causal patterns with the comprehension of domain-specific mechanisms. However, this explanation…
Descriptors: Social Desirability, History, Metacognition, Attribution Theory
Davenport, Tristan S. – ProQuest LLC, 2014
The most important information conveyed by language is often contained not in the utterance itself, but in the interaction between the utterance and the comprehender's knowledge of the world and the current situation. This dissertation uses psycholinguistic methods to explore the effects of a common type of inference--causal inference--on language…
Descriptors: Inferences, Language Processing, Diagnostic Tests, Brain Hemisphere Functions
Kendeou, Panayiota; Smith, Emily R.; O'Brien, Edward J. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2013
The present set of 7 experiments systematically examined the effectiveness of adding causal explanations to simple refutations in reducing or eliminating the impact of outdated information on subsequent comprehension. The addition of a single causal-explanation sentence to a refutation was sufficient to eliminate any measurable disruption in…
Descriptors: Attribution Theory, Reading Comprehension, Comparative Analysis, Sentences
Gotham, Katherine; Unruh, Kathryn; Lord, Catherine – Autism: The International Journal of Research and Practice, 2015
In a sample of 50 verbally fluent adolescents and adults with autism spectrum disorders (age: 16-31 years; verbal IQ: 72-140), we examined the pattern of response and associations between scores on common measures of depressive symptoms, participant characteristics, and clinical diagnosis of depressive disorders. Beck Depression Inventory--Second…
Descriptors: Depression (Psychology), Adolescents, Adults, Autism
Brief Report: Schema Consistent Misinformation Effects in Eyewitnesses with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Maras, Katie; Bowler, Dermot M. – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2011
A number of studies have demonstrated schema-related misinformation effects in typical individuals, but no research to date has examined this with witnesses with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), despite their impaired ability to generate core elements that define everyday events. After witnessing slides depicting a bank robbery, 16 adults with ASD…
Descriptors: Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Misconceptions, Adults
Snyder, Hannah R. – Psychological Bulletin, 2013
Cognitive impairments are now widely acknowledged as an important aspect of major depressive disorder (MDD), and it has been proposed that executive function (EF) may be particularly impaired in patients with MDD. However, the existence and nature of EF impairments associated with depression remain strongly debated. Although many studies have…
Descriptors: Depression (Psychology), Executive Function, Patients, College Students
Zaitchik, Deborah; Walker, Caren; Miller, Saul; LaViolette, Pete; Feczko, Eric; Dickerson, Bradford C. – Neuropsychologia, 2010
By age 2, children attribute referential mental states such as perceptions and emotions to themselves and others, yet it is not until age 4 that they attribute representational mental states such as beliefs. This raises an interesting question: is attribution of beliefs different from attribution of perceptions and emotions in terms of its neural…
Descriptors: Sentences, Visual Stimuli, Verbal Stimuli, Form Classes (Languages)
Ingram, Rick E.; Nelson, Tyler; Steidtmann, Dana K.; Bistricky, Steven L. – Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 2007
As a way to better understand the effects of treatment for depression, comparative data on measures of cognition have been compiled previously for adults. Such data should be able to aid the evaluation of cognition and cognitive change, and may provide valuable information for clinicians and researchers alike. In this article, analogous…
Descriptors: Adolescents, Depression (Psychology), Comparative Analysis, Children
Madigan, Robert; Bollenbach, Amy – 1982
The cognitive theory of depression advanced by Beck proposes that a negative view of the self, the world and the future is a condition that is responsible for depression. Recent data, however, have suggested that the relationship between cognition and affect is a reciprocal one in which each influences the other. Temporary mood states were induced…
Descriptors: Affective Objectives, Attribution Theory, Cognitive Processes, College Students
Ly, Tran M.; Hodapp, Robert M. – Mental Retardation: A Journal of Practices, Policy and Perspectives, 2005
Parents' attributions of the jigsaw-puzzle performance of their child with Prader-Willi syndrome (n = 20) or Williams syndrome (n = 21) were examined. Parents in both groups placed more importance on internal versus external attributions. Parents of children with Prader-Willi syndrome exhibited a hedonic bias by attributing their child's success…
Descriptors: Parent Attitudes, Children, Puzzles, Cognitive Processes
Holden, George W.; West, Meredith J. – 1983
Two groups of l4 mothers were interviewed to study how parents reason about their children's behavior. The two samples differed considerably in terms of education, age, race, and socioeconomic status. The first group, high school educated, averaged 24 years of age, and, if married, had spouses with blue-collar jobs. The second group, college…
Descriptors: Abstract Reasoning, Attribution Theory, Child Rearing, Cognitive Processes
Osberg, Timothy M.; Shrauger, J. Sidney – 1981
Research has provided support for the existence of certain actor-observer and self-serving biases in individuals' retrospective analyses about the causes of behavior. A question that has been relatively unexplored deals with whether the findings on actor-observer differences and the self-serving pattern in attributions are generalizable to…
Descriptors: Attribution Theory, Behavior Patterns, Bias, Cognitive Processes
Maras, Pam; Brosnan, Mark; Faulkner, Nathan; Montgomery, Tony; Vital, Pedro – Emotional & Behavioural Difficulties, 2006
Fifty-six secondary school students with and without social emotional and behavioural difficulties (SEBDs) completed self-report measures of their strengths and difficulties, self-concept and social identity, cognitive attributional style and participated in computer-based tests of risk-taking and impulsivity. Contrary to common understanding, the…
Descriptors: Secondary School Students, At Risk Persons, Attribution Theory, Emotional Disturbances
Ross, John A.; Maynes, Florence J. – 1982
This monograph is designed to provide practical classroom suggestions, including sample lesson plans, to show how teachers can improve the problem-solving competence of students at all educational and ability levels. The examples provided show that problem-solving instruction can be integrated with teaching the content of particular topics. While…
Descriptors: Attribution Theory, Cluster Analysis, Cognitive Processes, Comparative Analysis
Johnston, Shawn A.; And Others – 1987
Analyses of deviant sexual behaviors have most often derived from psychodynamic or behavioral theory. Little systematic research attention has been paid to the role of intervening cognitive variables such as social perception and the causal attribution process. Two studies were conducted to examine differences in cognition between child molesters…
Descriptors: Adults, Arousal Patterns, Attribution Theory, Child Abuse
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