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Bielak, Allison A. M.; Anstey, Kaarin J. – Developmental Psychology, 2019
Intraindividual variability (IIV) in cognitive speed, or moment-to-moment changes in ability, is a developmental phenomenon indicative of neurological integrity that increases gradually across adulthood. Past research has shown that IIV negatively covaries with cognitive performance, in which higher IIV at one occasion is associated with poorer…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Individual Differences, Cognitive Ability, Adult Development
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Paap, Kenneth R.; Greenberg, Zachary I. – Cognitive Psychology, 2013
Three studies compared bilinguals to monolinguals on 15 indicators of executive processing (EP). Most of the indicators compare a neutral or congruent baseline to a condition that should require EP. For each of the measures there was no main effect of group and a highly significant main effect of condition. The critical marker for a bilingual…
Descriptors: Evidence, Bilingualism, Cognitive Processes, Executive Function
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Bielak, Allison A. M.; Cherbuin, Nicolas; Bunce, David; Anstey, Kaarin J. – Developmental Psychology, 2014
Moment-to-moment intraindividual variability (IIV) in cognitive speed is a sensitive behavioral indicator of the integrity of the aging brain and brain damage, but little information is known about how IIV changes from being relatively low in young adulthood to substantially higher in older adulthood. We evaluated possible age group, sex, and task…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Aging (Individuals), Cognitive Processes, Reaction Time
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Cepeda, Nicholas J.; Blackwell, Katharine A.; Munakata, Yuko – Developmental Science, 2013
The rate at which people process information appears to influence many aspects of cognition across the lifespan. However, many commonly accepted measures of "processing speed" may require goal maintenance, manipulation of information in working memory, and decision-making, blurring the distinction between processing speed and executive…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Individual Differences, Short Term Memory, Decision Making
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Ardasheva, Yuliya; Tretter, Thomas R. – TESOL Quarterly: A Journal for Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages and of Standard English as a Second Dialect, 2013
This nonexperimental study explored the relationships among individual differences, contextual variables, and reading achievement of English language learners (ELLs) in one large urban school district in the United States. The sample comprised 840 students in Grades 3-8 and 10 nested within 37 schools. Hierarchical linear modeling results indicate…
Descriptors: Individual Differences, English Language Learners, Urban Schools, Language Proficiency
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Rast, Philippe; Zimprich, Daniel – Learning and Individual Differences, 2010
This study aimed at modeling individual and average non-linear trajectories of positional learning using a structured latent growth curve approach. The model is based on an exponential function which encompasses three parameters: Initial performance, learning rate, and asymptotic performance. These learning parameters were compared in a positional…
Descriptors: Predictor Variables, Mathematics, Individual Differences, Models
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Heinrichs, R. Walter; Sam, Eleanor P. – International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 2012
The schizophrenia-crime relationship was studied in 151 research participants meeting DSM-IV criteria for schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and with histories positive or negative for criminal charges, convictions and offences involving violence. These crime-related variables were regressed on a block of nine predictors reflecting…
Descriptors: Employment Level, Crime, Schizophrenia, Criminals
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Degotardi, S.; Torr, J. – Early Child Development and Care, 2007
Children's exposure to mind-related talk has been shown to foster young children's metacognitive understanding and to orient them to the patterns of literate language long before they commence formal literacy instruction at school. In this paper, we report on a longitudinal study of the mind-related talk of 22 mothers when their infants were aged…
Descriptors: Infants, Play, Mothers, Emergent Literacy