Techniques of presenting information temporally in the auditory and visual modalities and spatially in the visual modality were used to assess information processing in seven- and nine-year-old children. (JMB)

Thirty-two children each in grades 1-5 participated in an experiment designed to replicate and extend a study by Flavell and associates (1972) which hypothesized that "memorizing and perceiving are functionally undifferentiated for the young child, with deliberate memorization only gradually emerging as a separate and distinctive form of cognitive…

Two studies were conducted to investigate the assumption that elementary age deaf children are qualitatively different from hearing children in the manner in which they prefer to process events in memory. (Author/SBH)

Children who are bright and hard-working, yet find school a struggle, or children who can discuss things they have learned but whose written work is of surprisingly poor quality, might have learning differences that are hindering them from reaching their full potential. Some children are visual learners, others are auditory learners, and others…

To determine if the modality in which children represent information in memory influences the process by which problems are solved, problem-solving strategy of deaf and hearing 10-year-old children was compared on a concept-discovery task. (JMB)

Nonverbal learning disorders are less common than the typical language-based learning disabilities identified by school staff. Appropriate intervention is highly dependent on the accurate diagnosis of this disorder. Emphasis on performance and behavior management often obscures the etiology of a child's difficulties and leads to ineffective…

Integrates research findings on modal preferences to attempt to arrive at some reasonably sound principles through a systematic synthesis of the literature and to suggest some areas in need of further research. (HOD)

Analogous auditory and visual central-incidental learning tasks were administered to 24 second-, fourth-, and sixth-grade and college-age subjects to study the effects of modality of presentation on memory for central and incidental stimulus materials. (Author/SB)

Learning Aids stimulate formation of mental images of concepts by increasing sensory input. This article provides a rationale for employing learning aids to help elementary children understand physical fitness concepts, and describes several activities which employ the three categories of learning aids (visual, object, event). (IAH)

The purpose of this study was to determine whether children as young as second-graders could encode categorically within an abstract evaluative dimension. The study uses mode of stimulus presentation (auditory or visual) as an independent variable. The subjects were 40 white middle class children from grades 2, 4, and 6, who were randomly assigned…

Five- and nine-year olds' (N=80) television viewing and program recall in response to learning instructions were examined. Instructions affected visual-emphasis program segments only; visual orientation and cued recall increased in younger children; and free recall and cued recall were enhanced in older children. (Author/BS)

A study tested the hypothesis that learning disabled (LD), specifically reading disabled, children differ from "normal" children in their ability to acquire automatic perceptual processes. The subjects were 16 third grade and 15 sixth grade students, of whom 7 third grade and 3 sixth grade students were classified as LD. LaBerge's letter…

To assess the importance of visual attributes relative to acoustic and semantic attributes in children's encoding, a 64-item recognition test was administered to first- and sixth-grade children. Recognition items were linedrawings of simple objects accompanied by aural labels. By manipulating the picture, label, and referent in various…

Presents study findings which explored the effect of teacher reasoning level and teaching style preference on improvement in student-reasoning ability. Reports that students of concrete operational teachers and of inquiry teachers showed greater gains in reasoning ability than students of formal operational teachers and of expository teachers. (ML)

Reveals creative and unique ways to assess children's learning in the social studies classroom using tools rather than tests. Provides examples of acrostic poems (each line begins with a letter from a famous person's name) and bio-poems (each line answers a biographical question). (MJP)