Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and their relatives process faces differently from typically developed (TD) individuals. In an fMRI face-viewing task, TD and undiagnosed sibling (SIB) children (5-18 years) showed face specialization in the right amygdala and ventromedial prefrontal cortex, with left fusiform and right amygdala face…

Although exploring students' thought processes can be rewarding, most teachers rely heavily on reponses to tests and assignments that fail to disclose learners' thinking patterns. Concept maps grouping interrelated ideas can encourage students to demonstrate effective and meaningful assimilation of organized study areas. Includes five footnotes.…

Illustrates distinctions among kinds of knowing. Distinguishes knowing-to from other forms of knowing, and explores implications of that distinction for teaching and learning mathematics. Proposes that knowing-to act in the moment depends on the structure of attention at the moment, and on what one is aware of. (Contains 75 references.)…

Important and recent developments in cognitive science in the areas of performance components, knowledge structures, metacomponents, and metacognition are reviewed, and a set of guidelines for educators involved in implementation or evaluation of cognitively based instructional programs are offered. (Author/DB)

This paper presents a research study that explored the nature of the cognitive preferences of school administrators. It offers insight into the school administrators' mode of information processing. The first of three sections concerns the informational centrality of school principals. Citations from the literature are used to present the ways…

Studies the amount of attention to various kinds of activities and how students are called upon to process information in typical mathematics lessons, and whether this focus indicates a balanced program with respect to procedural knowledge, conceptual knowledge, and mathematical activity. (Contains 15 references.) (ASK)

New forms of mathematical knowledge are growing in importance for mathematics and education, including tacit knowledge, knowledge of particulars, language, and rhetoric in mathematics. Highlights the importance of attending to rhetoric and the range of rhetorical styles in school mathematics, and the need for explicit instruction in this area.…

Students with learning disabilities work to avoid difficult tasks while trying to appear competent ("passing"). They also check, monitor, and evaluate their actions, a form of "metacognition." These are flip sides of the same coin of strategic interaction and are context-bound, not context-free activities. (Author/LHW)

Argues for the need for theoretical work on mental models in the field of science education. Considers relationships between both models and theories, and mental models and conceptions in order to improve the notions of "model" and "mental model" used in the literature. Contains 20 references. (Author/WRM)

The relation of knowledge for solving problems to understanding of general principles in a subject-matter domain is discussed. Theoretical representations, called "conceptual competence," are presented to represent principles that are believed to be understood implicitly by individuals. Implications for problem-solving procedures can be…

Examines an attempt to encourage integration of knowledge learned in the academy with knowledge learned in practice as a means to challenge educational practitioners' (i.e., teacher leaders and inservice teacher educators) existing conceptions and beliefs and promote intellectual restructuring. (Contains 16 references.) (Author/ASK)

The challenge to the dominance of rationality in educational philosophy presented by John Dewey and Donald Schon is examined in this paper. The paper identifies basic assumptions of their perspective and explains concepts of reflective thinking, which include biography, context of uncertainty, and "not-yet." A model of reflective thought…

One principal's criterion for proper decision-making information may be much different from that of another. Information providers need to decide what constitutes relevant information when communicating to decision-makers. Fifty-three principals and 11 assistant principals were administered two indicator tests to investigate the relationship…

Proposes a model for the growth of mathematical understanding based on the consideration of understanding as a whole, dynamic, leveled but nonlinear process. Illustrates the model using the concept of fractions. How to map the growth of understanding is explained in detail. (Contains 26 references.) (MKR)

Presents evidence indicating that spontaneously generated analogies can play a significant role in expert problem solving. Focuses on an evaluation strategy known as bridging that has been observed in solutions to both science and mathematics problems. Contains 23 references. (DDR)