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Direct linkClarissa A. Thompson; Marta K. Mielicki; Ferdinand Rivera; Charles J. Fitzsimmons; Daniel A. Scheibe; Pooja G. Sidney; Jennifer M. Taber; Erika A. Waters – Grantee Submission, 2023
Rational numbers (i.e., fractions, percentages, decimals, and whole-number frequencies) are notoriously difficult mathematical constructs. Yet correctly interpreting rational numbers is imperative for understanding health statistics, such as gauging the likelihood of side effects from a medication. Several pernicious biases affect health…
Descriptors: Mathematics Skills, Health, Numeracy, Cognitive Processes
Thomas, Michael S. C.; Coecke, Selma – Cognitive Science, 2023
Differences in socioeconomic status (SES) correlate both with differences in cognitive development and in brain structure. Associations between SES and brain measures such as cortical surface area and cortical thickness mediate differences in cognitive skills such as executive function and language. However, causal accounts that link SES, brain,…
Descriptors: Socioeconomic Status, Cognitive Processes, Brain, Cognitive Development
Zavala, Catalina; Beam, Christopher R.; Finch, Brian K.; Gatz, Margaret; Johnson, Wendy; Kremen, William S.; Neiderhiser, Jenae M.; Pedersen, Nancy L.; Reynolds, Chandra A. – Developmental Psychology, 2018
We examined whether attained socioeconomic status (SES) moderated genetic and environmental sources of individual differences in cognitive performance using pooled data from 9 adult twin studies. Prior work concerning SES moderation of cognitive performance has focused on rearing SES. The current adult sample of 12,196 individuals (aged 27-98…
Descriptors: Socioeconomic Status, Adults, Cognitive Processes, Genetics
MacCutcheon, Douglas; Pausch, Florian; Füllgrabe, Christian; Eccles, Renata; van der Linde, Jeannie; Panebianco, Clorinda; Fels, Janina; Ljung, Robert – Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 2019
Purpose: Working memory capacity and language ability modulate speech reception; however, the respective roles of peripheral and cognitive processing are unclear. The contribution of individual differences in these abilities to utilization of spatial cues when separating speech from informational and energetic masking backgrounds in children has…
Descriptors: Individual Differences, Memory, Language Skills, Spatial Ability
Selmeczy, Diana; Dobbins, Ian G. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2017
Recognition judgments can benefit from the use of environmental cues that signal the general likelihood of encountering familiar versus unfamiliar stimuli. While incorporating such cues is often adaptive, there are circumstances (e.g., eyewitness testimony) in which observers should fully ignore environmental cues in order to preserve memory…
Descriptors: Memory, Cues, Familiarity, Novelty (Stimulus Dimension)
Dennis, Tracy A.; Buss, Kristin A.; Hastings, Paul D.; Bell, Martha Ann; Diaz, Anjolii; Adam, Emma K.; Miskovic, Vladimir; Schmidt, Louis A.; Feldman, Ruth; Katz, Lynn Fainsilber; Rigterink, Tami; Strang, Nicole M.; Hanson, Jamie L.; Pollak, Seth D.; Dahl, Ronald E.; Silk, Jennifer S.; Siegle, Greg J.; Beauchaine, Theodore P.; Cicchetti, Dante; Rogosch, Fred A.; Fox, Nathan A.; Kirwan, Michael; Reeb-Sutherland, Bethany; Gunnar, Megan R.; Obradovic, Jelena; Boyce, W. Thomas; Molenaar, Peter C. M.; Gates, Kathleen M. – Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 2012
In the past decade, there has been a dramatic growth in research examining the development of emotion from a physiological perspective. However, this widespread use of physiological measures to study emotional development coexists with relatively few guiding principles, thus reducing opportunities to move the field forward in innovative ways. The…
Descriptors: Physiology, Psychological Patterns, Emotional Development, Measurement
Posner, Michael I.; Rothbart, Mary K.; Sheese, Brad E. – Developmental Science, 2007
A major problem for developmental science is understanding how the cognitive and emotional networks important in carrying out mental processes can be related to individual differences. The last five years have seen major advances in establishing links between alleles of specific genes and the neural networks underlying aspects of attention. These…
Descriptors: Individual Differences, Cognitive Development, Emotional Development, Cognitive Processes
Peer reviewedMurray, J. Dennis – Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 1979
Examines the relationship between the quantity and type of spontaneous private speech and delayed match-to-sample performance among kindergarten children (N=65). (MP)
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Environmental Influences, Individual Differences, Kindergarten Children
Heesacker, Martin – 1981
This paper reviews 35 studies important in the historical development of field dependence, a popular research topic in psychology. The first section involves antecedents of the concept of field dependence, such as the influence of Kurt Lewin. Part two deals with the development of field dependence as an individual differences variable. Part three…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Environmental Influences, Individual Differences, Literature Reviews
Reynolds, Chandra A.; Finkel, Deborah; McArdle, John J.; Gatz, Margaret; Berg, Stig; Pedersen, Nancy L. – Developmental Psychology, 2005
Though many cognitive abilities exhibit marked decline over the adult years, individual differences in rates of change have been observed. In the current study, biometrical latent growth models were used to examine sources of variability for ability level (intercept) and change (linear and quadratic effects) for verbal, fluid, memory, and…
Descriptors: Memory, Genetics, Cognitive Ability, Twins
Download full textFeldman, S. Shirley; Crockenberg, Susan – 1969
This profile of significant research findings comprises a framework for analyzing and synthesizing information on the cognitive development of children. The variables used to systematize the literature search were: perception; motor development; language; conceptual activity; and learning, memory, and problem solving. The findings are arranged…
Descriptors: Children, Cognitive Development, Cognitive Processes, Concept Formation
Goh, David S. J.; And Others – 1974
The history of attempts by psychologists to determine the contribution of personality to intelligence has not been one of unqualified success. Part of the problem may be in the balance of granularity of analyses on the intelligence side and the personality side. A comprehensive analysis of the contributions of extraversion and neuroticism to…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, College Students, Environmental Influences, Higher Education
