The animacy effect refers to the memory advantage of words denoting animate beings over words denoting inanimate objects. Remembering animate beings may serve important evolutionary functions, but the cognitive mechanism underlying the animacy effect has remained elusive. According to the richness-of-encoding account, animate words stimulate…

Community of Inquiry--a theoretical framework that consists of three interrelated elements: teaching presence, social presence, and cognitive presence--has been used widely in online and blended learning as an instructional design model to create and sustain conditions that facilitate meaningful learning in a learning community. Teaching presence…

This research investigates the risk factors of poor sleep quality on cognitive performance among university students in Karachi, Pakistan. This study employed a quantitative survey-based approach. N= 202 participants between 18 to 25 years were selected through convenient sampling technique. Sleep Quality Scale (SQS) (Yi, et. al., 2006) was…

The number of complaints university lecturers make about a lack of knowledge, especially first-year students' procedural knowledge, has increased recently. Due to missing adequate empirical evidence, a survey of procedural knowledge among students of Austrian high schools in their final year was conducted. For this purpose, test items for…

This longitudinal study investigated parents' different pretend play behaviors (substitution, animation, and role enactment) to their infants during free play and the bidirectional links with infants' vocabulary development at 14 months (Time-1: N = 34, M[subscript age] = 14.23 months) and 20 months (Time-2: N = 34, M[subscript age] = 20.33…

Acquiescence is the tendency of participants to shift their responses to agreement. Lechner et al. (2019) introduced the following mechanisms of acquiescence: social deference and cognitive processing. We added their interaction into a theoretical framework. The sample consists of 557 participants. We found significant medium strong relationship…

People systematically overlook subtractive changes and favor additive ones when reporting new ideas. In a first preregistered experiment conducted via the Prolific platform among French adults (N = 477), we replicated experiments 2, 3, and 4 in Adams et al.'s study. We replicated the overlooking of subtraction, as participants reported 1155…

Reversibility thinking carried out mentally in mathematical operations has an important role in the process of understanding concepts as it involves developing a thinking process from beginning to end and from end to beginning. This qualitative research aims to describe students' reversible thinking processes in solving algebra problems,…

Pre-service teachers' metacognitive and problem-solving skills are highly important in the process of becoming effective teachers for providing their students with guided learning support. Determination of these two higher-order thinking processes and skills and investigation of the relationship between them is very important for enabling…

Mathematics is a collection of cognitive products that have unique characteristics from other scientific disciplines. As cognitive products, mathematics, and thought processes are two things that cannot be separated. Although in the literature there have been many approaches proposed to support the analysis of students' thinking processes, not…

Purpose: The aim of the present study is to characterize the maturational changes during the first 6 months of life in the neural encoding of two speech sound features relevant for early language acquisition: the stimulus fundamental frequency (f[subscript o]), related to stimulus pitch, and the vowel formant composition, particularly F[subscript…

In research practice, it is common to measure cognitive load after learning using self-report scales. This approach can be considered risky because it is unclear on what basis learners assess cognitive load, particularly when the learning material contains varying levels of complexity. This raises questions that have yet to be answered by…

Compared to their neurotypically developing peers, children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders tend to have attenuated neural responses in the parietal lobe when attending sensory input, as reflected by a reduced P3b amplitude measured with electroencephalography. However, it is unknown whether a reduced P3b amplitude in autistic…

Purpose: This study investigates the relationship between telework frequency and knowledge management (KM) activity in Japan and the USA. By examining how telework impacts KM activity differently across these two countries, this study aims to provide insights into the design and implementation of effective telework policies tailored to specific…

Background/purpose: Positioned within the Australian context, this study explores the experiences of mentor teachers using professional standard-informed Conversation Cards to support the professional growth of pre-service teachers. With a particular focus on practical solutions, the research investigates the opportunities and challenges mentor…