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Mittelstädt, Victor; Mackenzie, Ian Grant; Koob, Valentin; Janczyk, Markus – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2023
In the present study, we examined how the relevance of potentially distracting information modulates the interplay of target and distractor processing in conflict tasks. Specifically, we manipulated the degree to which distracting information is relevant for performing the overall task by varying the proportion of trials in which a response to the…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Attention Control, Conflict, Task Analysis
Degeest, Sofie; Kestens, Katrien; Keppler, Hannah – Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 2022
Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effect of chronic tinnitus on measures of listening effort and cognitive performance, as well as the relation between cognitive performance and the amount of listening effort obtained by those measures. Method: Thirteen normal-hearing young adults with chronic tinnitus were matched with a control group.…
Descriptors: Hearing Impairments, Cognitive Processes, Listening, Chronic Illness
Anderson, Kiera; Marino, Matthew T. – Journal of Special Education Technology, 2023
Enrollment rates of students with disabilities (SWD) in postsecondary education continue to rise, yet SWD continue to face challenges with persistence toward degree completion. Executive function deficits (e.g., difficulty concentrating, managing time, problem solving, or planning) often impact academic, social, and occupational function. Academic…
Descriptors: Students with Disabilities, College Students, Coaching (Performance), Executive Function
Frischkorn, Gidon T.; von Bastian, Claudia C. – Journal of Intelligence, 2021
Process-Overlap Theory (POT) suggests that measures of cognitive abilities sample from sets of independent cognitive processes. These cognitive processes can be separated into domain-general executive processes, sampled by the majority of cognitive ability measures, and domain-specific processes, sampled only by measures within a certain domain.…
Descriptors: Epistemology, Learning Theories, Executive Function, Cognitive Processes
Savina, Elena – Early Childhood Education Journal, 2021
This paper provides a comprehensive review of the role of self-regulation for academic achievement and behavior in the early childhood education classroom. It discusses neurocognitive processes involved in self-regulation including response inhibition, voluntary attention, and working memory. Response inhibition creates a delay in responding which…
Descriptors: Self Control, Academic Achievement, Preschool Children, Elementary School Students
Hedge, Craig; Powell, Georgina; Bompas, Aline; Sumner, Petroc – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2022
Response control or inhibition is one of the cornerstones of modern cognitive psychology, featuring prominently in theories of executive functioning and impulsive behavior. However, repeated failures to observe correlations between commonly applied tasks have led some theorists to question whether common response conflict processes even exist. A…
Descriptors: Individual Differences, Cognitive Ability, Cognitive Processes, Meta Analysis
Phillips, David; Gregory, Bradley; Hart, Jeffery; Arville, Patrick; Dilworth, Quinn; Burns, Ryan D. – International Journal of Kinesiology in Higher Education, 2019
To determine the effect of physical activity (PA) on three differing types of cognitive processes, within an under-researched segment of the population, 77 college-aged students were recruited from a university in the southwestern United States. These participants completed three computer-driven tests from a battery of measurements that assess…
Descriptors: Physical Activity Level, Cognitive Processes, College Students, Attention Control
Evans, Julia L.; Gillam, Ronald B.; Montgomery, James W. – Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 2018
Purpose: This study examined the influence of cognitive factors on spoken word recognition in children with developmental language disorder (DLD) and typically developing (TD) children. Method: Participants included 234 children (aged 7;0-11;11 years;months), 117 with DLD and 117 TD children, propensity matched for age, gender, socioeconomic…
Descriptors: Word Recognition, Children, Language Impairments, Predictor Variables
Rodrigues, Pedro F. S.; Pandeirada, Josefa N. S. – Journal of Cognition and Development, 2019
Adolescence is a developmental period characterized by a complex maturation process of various cognitive abilities. Cognitive control, which includes response inhibition and working memory, is one of them. A typical study on response inhibition to visual stimuli presents distractors and targets on the same display (e.g., the computer screen).…
Descriptors: Spatial Ability, Environmental Influences, Visual Environment, Adolescents
Schuch, Stefanie; Grange, James A. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2015
N-2 task repetition cost is a response time and error cost returning to a task recently performed after one intervening trial (i.e., an ABA task sequence) compared with returning to a task not recently performed (i.e., a CBA task sequence). This cost is considered a robust measure of inhibitory control during task switching. The present article…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Task Analysis, Repetition, Attention Control
Eggum-Wilkens, Natalie D.; Reichenberg, Ray E.; Eisenberg, Nancy; Spinrad, Tracy L. – International Journal of Behavioral Development, 2016
Relations between children's (n = 213) mother-reported effortful control components (attention focusing, attention shifting, inhibitory control at 42 months; activational control at 72 months) and mother-reported shyness trajectories across 42, 54, 72, and 84 months of age were examined. In growth models, shyness decreased. Inhibitory control and…
Descriptors: Shyness, Cognitive Processes, Young Children, Child Development
Berger, Carole; Valdois, Sylviane; Lallier, Marie; Donnadieu, Sophie – Journal of Cognition and Development, 2015
The present study explored the temporal allocation of attention in groups of 8-year-old children, 10-year-old children, and adults performing a rapid serial visual presentation task. In a dual-condition task, participants had to detect a briefly presented target (T2) after identifying an initial target (T1) embedded in a random series of…
Descriptors: Age Differences, Task Analysis, Performance, Children
Behavioral Inhibition and Anxiety: The Moderating Roles of Inhibitory Control and Attention Shifting
White, Lauren K.; McDermott, Jennifer Martin; Degnan, Kathryn A.; Henderson, Heather A.; Fox, Nathan A. – Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 2011
Behavioral inhibition (BI), a temperament identified in early childhood, is associated with social reticence in childhood and an increased risk for anxiety problems in adolescence and adulthood. However, not all behaviorally inhibited children remain reticent or develop an anxiety disorder. One possible mechanism accounting for the variability in…
Descriptors: Anxiety Disorders, Inhibition, Children, Cognitive Processes
Friedman-Krauss, Allison H.; Raver, C. Cybele – Developmental Psychology, 2015
Children growing up in poverty have a higher likelihood of exposure to multiple forms of adversity that jeopardize their chances of academic success. The current paper identifies school mobility, or changing schools, as 1 such poverty-related risk. Using a sample of low-income, predominantly ethnic-minority children (n = 381) in Chicago, this…
Descriptors: Student Mobility, Elementary School Students, At Risk Students, Low Achievement
Berninger, Virginia; Abbott, Robert; Cook, Clayton R.; Nagy, William – Journal of Learning Disabilities, 2017
Relationships between attention/executive functions and language learning were investigated in students in Grades 4 to 9 (N = 88) with and without specific learning disabilities (SLDs) in multiword syntax in oral and written language (OWL LD), word reading and spelling (dyslexia), and subword letter writing (dysgraphia). Prior…
Descriptors: Correlation, Attention Control, Executive Function, Multiple Regression Analysis
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