Teachers need knowledge about operant conditioning as an important way to prevent student misbehavior. In an experiment with 181 student teachers, we investigated how the acquisition of conceptual knowledge about operant conditioning can be promoted through case comparisons. Our results showed that case comparison effectively supported the…

The growing importance of 3D animations in current teaching approaches becomes increasingly apparent, offering an effective way to visualize complex spatial concepts and processes in geography learning through outstanding visual representation and details. However, the effects of detail richness and text load of 3D animation on learning about…

This quantitative study examined the effects of stored color knowledge on learning achievement and cognitive load using a randomized pretest-posttest control group design. Social media was used to recruit 60 adult participants, randomized into control and experimental groups. A multimedia lesson was presented where the control group viewed images…

The aim of this explanatory study is to identify the causes of intrinsic cognitive load in programming process. For this purpose, a method based on two dimensions; programming knowledge types (syntactic, semantic, and strategic) and programming constructs was proposed. The proposed method was tested with high school students enrolled in Computer…

A finance program determines relevance by aligning with professional standards, such as the CFA's body of knowledge (CBOK). Resistance to the integration process occurs when faculty members disagree with the program's targeted cognitive rigor (CR). This study suggests mapping the CBOK's CR facilitates integration by allotting CFA learning outcomes…

According to the multimedia principle, adding relevant pictures to text is beneficial for learning. This beneficial effect is particularly true for text depicted in pictures (illustrated text information) but not for a text that is not illustrated in pictures (non-illustrated text information). The multimedia principle was examined for…

In recent years, there has been a growing recognition of the importance of integrating ultrasound into undergraduate medical curricula. However, empirical evidence is lacking as to its effect on anatomy learning and related student cognition. Therefore, the present study compared the impact of echocardiography-based instruction with narrated…

Personal intelligence concerns the ability to understand personality in oneself and others--including the understanding of motives, socioemotional traits, and abilities. We examined if people's scores on the ability-based "Test of Personal Intelligence (TOPI)" would be reflected in their narratives about someone whose personality they…

Not-knowing is an underexplored concept defined as an individual's ability to be aware of what they do not know to plan and effectively face complex situations. This paper focuses on analyzing students' articulation of not-knowing while completing geometric reasoning tasks. Results of this study revealed that not-knowing is a more cognitively…

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to develop an intelligent tutoring system (ITS) for programming learning based on information tutoring feedback (ITF) to provide real-time guidance and feedback to self-directed learners during programming problem-solving and to improve learners' computational thinking. Design/methodology/approach: By…

Clinically integrated curricula in health science education has been shown to promote the development of problem-solving schema and positively impact knowledge acquisition. Despite its' purported benefits, this type of curricula can impose a high cognitive load, which may negatively impact novice learners' knowledge acquisition and problem-solving…

Numerous studies have proven the learning benefits of concept maps in science subjects, particularly for students with low prior knowledge. There is a scarcity of research dedicated to the examination of chemistry courses at the university level, and the findings pertaining to academic performance in that subject exhibit a lack of consistency.…

The self-explanation strategy motivates learners to actively select and integrate information, thereby fostering meaningful learning. To generate comprehensive and insightful explanations, learners often require support. However, there is a limited understanding of the optimal form of self-explanation that effectively assists learners in applying…

Students are known to have various difficulties in dealing with organic reaction mechanisms. A systematic classification of these difficulties appears necessary to design appropriate support. This paper presents insights into whether and how Bloom's revised taxonomy can be used to classify student difficulties in dealing with organic reaction…

Purpose: Students can learn to be citizens through school education and experiences in socio-cultural contexts. Individuals' perspectives on being a citizen can be represented as implicit and explicit knowledge in cognitive structures. This study aimed to investigate the implicit knowledge and cognitive complexity of student social studies…