This study investigated the role of strategy instruction and working memory capacity (WMC) on word problem solving accuracy in children with (n = 100) and without (n = 92) math difficulties (MD). Within classrooms, children in Grades 2 and 3 were randomly assigned to one of four treatment conditions: verbal-only strategies (e.g., underlining…

The purpose of the study was to investigate the metacognitive abilities of students with LD as they engage in math problem solving and to determine processing differences between these students and their low- and average-achieving peers (n = 73). Students thought out loud as they solved three math problems of increasing difficulty. Protocols were…

The reality is that approximately 5-8% of school-age students have memory or other cognitive deficits that interfere with their ability to acquire, master, and apply mathematical concepts and skills (Geary, 2004). These students with Mathematical Learning Disabilities (MLD) are at risk for failure in middle school mathematics because they…

The communicative capabilities of people with autism are impaired and limited in significant ways. The problems are characterized by a lack of intentionality and symbol formation, which indicates that the deviant development of communication in autism is associated with a specific cognitive style. The central coherence theory can offer insight…

The study compared ten hyperactive learning disabled (HLD) children and 10 nonhyperactive learning disabled (NHLD) children with normal children. Results indicated that both HLD and NHLD third and fourth grade children process information significantly less efficiently than nonLD children. HLD children could be differentiated from NHLD children on…

The relationship between cognitive strategy and theoretical constructs associated with cognitive style, cognitive behavior modification, and metacognition, particularly regarding the education of learning disabled students, is examined. Future research directions, including the relationship between a tactual repertoire and metacognitive status,…

Students with learning disabilities work to avoid difficult tasks while trying to appear competent ("passing"). They also check, monitor, and evaluate their actions, a form of "metacognition." These are flip sides of the same coin of strategic interaction and are context-bound, not context-free activities. (Author/LHW)

This study investigated the ability of learning disabled, slow learning, and average children (N=39) to adapt learning strategies to different stimulus demands in small group learning situations. Findings demonstrated distinctly different patterns of strategy usage in each diagnostic category; all three groups were able to differentiate among…

The cognitive apparatus of disturbed children is discussed. An analysis of its relation to the emotional, sensory, and logical experiences and the effect on the child's learning ability is offered. (JMF)

Compared the performance of learning disabled and normal-achieving third- and fourth-grade children on Kagan's Matching Familiar Figures Test to determine group differences along the impulsivity-reflection dimension. Overall results suggest that learning disabled children are not more impulsive but rather use poor strategic behavior in processing…

A study sought to compare the performance of elementary school students referred for learning difficulties on the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (K-ABC) and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R) and to examine similarities and differences in performance on the two instruments between those placed in…

Difficulties facing learning disabled (LD) students in problem solving are reviewed and an approach is proposed to help them make better use of the learning strategies available to them. A cognitive learning style approach to LD students is introduced, followed by an analysis of problem solving and the stages of information processing (attention,…

Attempts to replicate findings demonstrating a relationship between the cognitive control (field articulation) and reading disability in school-aged children. Reading disability and nonreading disability groups were administered a series of cognitive control measures. Performance on field articulation significantly differentiated between children…

Empirical findings on the efficiency of memory processes in exceptional children are outlined. Cognitive deficits are considered to be central to many academic and social skill problems of children with mental retardation and learning and behavior problems. In response, educators and psychologists have devised ways of training such students to use…

The article reviews recent theoretical and empirical research related to the role of communication in effective strategy training for instilling stable and general cognitive strategic skills in learning disabled students. Among implications discussed is the need for increased focus on the interactional dynamics of the strategy training situation…