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Honda, Hidehito; Matsuka, Toshihiko; Ueda, Kazuhiro – Cognitive Science, 2017
Some researchers on binary choice inference have argued that people make inferences based on simple heuristics, such as recognition, fluency, or familiarity. Others have argued that people make inferences based on available knowledge. To examine the boundary between heuristic and knowledge usage, we examine binary choice inference processes in…
Descriptors: Memory, Heuristics, Inferences, Decision Making
Grotzer, Tina A.; Tutwiler, M. Shane – Mind, Brain, and Education, 2014
This article considers a set of well-researched default assumptions that people make in reasoning about complex causality and argues that, in part, they result from the forms of causal induction that we engage in and the type of information available in complex environments. It considers how information often falls outside our attentional frame…
Descriptors: Abstract Reasoning, Heuristics, Causal Models, Logical Thinking
Poddiakov, Alexander – International Journal of Early Years Education, 2011
Combinatorial abilities are fundamental to experimental thinking. The aim of this work was to design didactic objects that will stimulate preschoolers' experimental thinking and to study young children's thinking in relation to these objects. Six heuristic rules for the design of didactic objects are specified, and the responses of 623 children…
Descriptors: Early Intervention, Young Children, Experiments, Thinking Skills
Maeyer, Jenine; Talanquer, Vicente – Science Education, 2010
The characterization of students' cognitive biases is of central importance in the development of curriculum and teaching strategies that better support student learning in science. In particular, the identification of shortcut reasoning procedures (heuristics) used by students to reduce cognitive load can help us devise strategies to foster the…
Descriptors: Methods Research, Heuristics, Chemistry, Teaching Methods
Morsanyi, Kinga; Primi, Caterina; Chiesi, Francesca; Handley, Simon – Contemporary Educational Psychology, 2009
In three studies we looked at two typical misconceptions of probability: the representativeness heuristic, and the equiprobability bias. The literature on statistics education predicts that some typical errors and biases (e.g., the equiprobability bias) increase with education, whereas others decrease. This is in contrast with reasoning theorists'…
Descriptors: Heuristics, Logical Thinking, Psychology, Statistics
Juslin, Peter; Nilsson, Hakan; Winman, Anders – Psychological Review, 2009
Probability theory has long been taken as the self-evident norm against which to evaluate inductive reasoning, and classical demonstrations of violations of this norm include the conjunction error and base-rate neglect. Many of these phenomena require multiplicative probability integration, whereas people seem more inclined to linear additive…
Descriptors: Probability, Theories, Norms, Computer Simulation
Hattori, Masasi; Oaksford, Mike – Cognitive Science, 2007
In this article, 41 models of covariation detection from 2 x 2 contingency tables were evaluated against past data in the literature and against data from new experiments. A new model was also included based on a limiting case of the normative phi-coefficient under an extreme rarity assumption, which has been shown to be an important factor in…
Descriptors: Stimuli, Responses, Computer Simulation, Heuristics
Kahneman, Daniel – American Psychologist, 2003
Early studies of intuitive judgment and decision making conducted with the late Amos Tversky are reviewed in the context of two related concepts: an analysis of accessibility, the ease with which thoughts come to mind; a distinction between effortless intuition and deliberate reasoning. Intuitive thoughts, like percepts, are highly accessible.…
Descriptors: Decision Making, Intuition, Heuristics, Cognitive Processes

Bingi, R.; And Others – Information Processing & Management, 1995
Introduces a framework for comparing and evaluating knowledge representation schemes based on the requirements for "good" representation discussed in extant literature. Comparative analysis and evaluation of four popular knowledge representation schemes--Logic, Production Rules, Semantic Nets and Frames--are discussed in support of validity and…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Computer Interfaces, Computer Software, Concept Formation
Newman, Michael – Adults Learning, 2007
In his book entitled "Teaching Defiance: Stories and strategies for activist educators," this author asserted that, although his book was not a discussion of the Iraq war, it was concerned with the way the war has been "waged" in the countries of the three invaders: the USA, the UK and Australia. For him, the fact that each…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Adult Educators, War, Leadership
Bauer, Norman J. – 1991
The challenge to the dominance of rationality in educational philosophy presented by John Dewey and Donald Schon is examined in this paper. The paper identifies basic assumptions of their perspective and explains concepts of reflective thinking, which include biography, context of uncertainty, and "not-yet." A model of reflective thought…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Cognitive Structures, Concept Formation, Critical Thinking

Mandell, Alan; Lucking, Robert – Journal of Computers in Mathematics and Science Teaching, 1988
Investigates using the microcomputer to develop a sentence parser to simulate intelligent conversation used in artificial intelligence applications. Compares the ability of LOGO and BASIC for this use. Lists and critiques several LOGO and BASIC parser programs. (MVL)
Descriptors: Artificial Intelligence, Cognitive Processes, College Science, Computer Uses in Education
Dudczak, Craig A. – 1995
At least some of the reasoning processes involved in argumentation rely on inferences which do not fit within the traditional categories of inductive or deductive reasoning. The reasoning processes involved in plausibility judgments have neither the formal certainty of deduction nor the imputed statistical probability of induction. When utilizing…
Descriptors: Beliefs, Cognitive Processes, Cognitive Style, Decision Making
Brack, Greg; And Others – 1994
With the exception of a few key writers, counselors largely ignore the benefits that Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Cognitive Psychology (CP) can bring to counseling. It is demonstrated that AI and CP can be integrated into the counseling literature. How AI and CP can offer new perspectives on information processing, cognition, and helping is…
Descriptors: Artificial Intelligence, Cognitive Processes, Cognitive Psychology, Computer Simulation
Ellis, Thomas I. – Research Roundup, 1988
This pamphlet reviews five reports that highlight an emerging consensus among researchers about the value of systematically incorporating cognitive instruction into the elementary school curriculum. First is a comprehensive framework by Robert J. Marzano and C. L. Hutchins for an integrated approach to thinking skills that has been developed and…
Descriptors: Abstract Reasoning, Cognitive Development, Cognitive Processes, Critical Thinking
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