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Direct linkMahmoud Abdi Tabari; Jongbong Lee – Language Awareness, 2025
This study investigates how task complexity affects native speakers' and second language (L2) learners', and experts' perceptions of task difficulty in writing tasks. It also explores how task complexity influences English native speakers' and L2 learners' linguistic complexity in their writing. Ninety participants performed one simple and one…
Descriptors: Difficulty Level, Linguistics, Student Attitudes, English
Jose A. Diaz; Steven M. Nelson; A. Alexander Beaujean; Adam E. Green; Michael K. Scullin – Creativity Research Journal, 2024
The compound Remote Associates Test (RAT) is a classic measure of creativity. Participants are shown three cue words (sore-shoulder-sweat) and asked to generate a word that connects them (cold). Theoretical views of RAT performance differ in the degree to which they conceptualize performance as depending on automatic spreading activation across…
Descriptors: Test Items, Creative Thinking, Creativity Tests, Performance
Sparks, Richard L.; Patton, Jon; Luebbers, Julie – Foreign Language Annals, 2019
Studies with U.S. secondary second language (L2) learners have revealed individual differences (IDs) in first language (L1) skills and L2 aptitude and shown that these IDs are related to L2 achievement and proficiency. In this study, U.S. students were administered measures of L1 achievement, L1 cognitive processing, and L2 aptitude; followed…
Descriptors: Individual Differences, Low Achievement, Language Aptitude, Second Language Learning
Sagarra, Nuria – Second Language Research, 2017
Adults demonstrate difficulty and pronounced variability when developing second language (L2) grammatical knowledge and reading skills. We examine explanations in terms of individual differences in working memory (WM). Despite numerous studies, the association between WM and adult second language (L2) acquisition remains unclear, and longitudinal…
Descriptors: Longitudinal Studies, Second Language Learning, Grammar, English
Ardasheva, Yuliya; Tretter, Thomas R. – TESOL Quarterly: A Journal for Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages and of Standard English as a Second Dialect, 2013
This nonexperimental study explored the relationships among individual differences, contextual variables, and reading achievement of English language learners (ELLs) in one large urban school district in the United States. The sample comprised 840 students in Grades 3-8 and 10 nested within 37 schools. Hierarchical linear modeling results indicate…
Descriptors: Individual Differences, English Language Learners, Urban Schools, Language Proficiency
Chen, Xiaoqing – ProQuest LLC, 2013
Recasts are one type of corrective feedback that reformulates all or part of a learner's erroneous utterance during communicative interaction without changing the meaning. Categorized as implicit and input-providing corrective feedback, recasts have become the focus of debate in the area of interaction research in recent years. The debate…
Descriptors: Asians, Second Language Learning, English (Second Language), Memory
