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The Impact of Adding a Fourth Item to the Traditional 3-Item Remote Associates Test
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Jose A. Diaz; Steven M. Nelson; A. Alexander Beaujean; Adam E. Green; Michael K. Scullin – Creativity Research Journal, 2024
The compound Remote Associates Test (RAT) is a classic measure of creativity. Participants are shown three cue words (sore-shoulder-sweat) and asked to generate a word that connects them (cold). Theoretical views of RAT performance differ in the degree to which they conceptualize performance as depending on automatic spreading activation across…
Descriptors: Test Items, Creative Thinking, Creativity Tests, Performance
Switching Ability in Bilinguals Following Multitasking: Impact of Language Distance
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Aidin Tajbakhsh – ProQuest LLC, 2021
Cognitive flexibility (switching) and control (inhibition) are among widely accepted cognitive advantages of bilingualism. Switch Cost (SC), i.e., the time difference to complete a switch versus non-switch task, is a construct for measuring the switching ability. The need to control the interference and switching between one's languages leads to…
Descriptors: Bilingualism, Code Switching (Language), Second Language Learning, Native Language
Task-Switching Costs Disappear if Non-Chinese Participants Respond to Chinese Characters
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Li, Xiangqian; Li, Bingxin; Liu, Xuhong; Lages, Martin; Stoet, Gijsbert – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2019
In experiments with univalent target stimuli, task-switching costs can be eliminated if participants are unaware of the task rules and apply cue-target-response associations. However, in experiments with bivalent target stimuli, participants show task-switching costs. Participants may exhibit switch costs even when no task rules are provided in…
Descriptors: Chinese, Second Language Learning, Cues, Task Analysis
Longitudinal Effects of Working Memory on L2 Grammar and Reading Abilities
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Sagarra, Nuria – Second Language Research, 2017
Adults demonstrate difficulty and pronounced variability when developing second language (L2) grammatical knowledge and reading skills. We examine explanations in terms of individual differences in working memory (WM). Despite numerous studies, the association between WM and adult second language (L2) acquisition remains unclear, and longitudinal…
Descriptors: Longitudinal Studies, Second Language Learning, Grammar, English
The Effect of Syntactic Complexity on Fluency: Comparing Actives and Passives in L1 and L2 Speech
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Sadri Mirdamadi, Farhad; De Jong, Nivja H. – Second Language Research, 2015
This study investigates how syntactic complexity affects speaking performance in first (L1) and second language (L2) in terms of speaking fluency. Participants (30 Dutch native speakers with an average to advanced level of English) performed two speaking experiments, one in Dutch (L1) and one in English (L2). Syntactic complexity was…
Descriptors: Syntax, Second Language Learning, Language Fluency, Native Language
When Bilinguals Choose a Single Word to Speak: Electrophysiological Evidence for Inhibition of the Native Language
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Misra, Maya; Guo, Taomei; Bobb, Susan C.; Kroll, Judith F. – Journal of Memory and Language, 2012
Behavioral and event-related potential (ERP) measures are reported for a study in which relatively proficient Chinese-English bilinguals named identical pictures in each of their two languages. Production occurred only in Chinese (the first language, L1) or only in English (the second language, L2) in a given block with the order counterbalanced…
Descriptors: Priming, Evidence, Inhibition, Cognitive Processes