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Byers, V.; Herscovics, N. – Mathematics Teaching, 1977
Four kinds of understanding of mathematics are suggested: instrumental, relational, intuitive, and formal. Each type of understanding is described and illustrated. (MN)
Descriptors: Cognitive Development, Cognitive Processes, Comprehension, Concept Formation
Nunnally, Jum C. – 1968
The research concerned the association of neutral objects, such as nonsense syllables, with rewards, such as money and candy, in children. Thirty-six subjects were obtained from grades two through six of local public elementary schools in Nashville, Tennessee. Associations between neutral objects and rewards were formed in a task concerning…
Descriptors: Associative Learning, Attention Control, Cognitive Processes, Discrimination Learning