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Direct linkRichmond, Lauren L.; Redick, Thomas S.; Braver, Todd S. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2015
The dual mechanisms of control framework postulates that cognitive control can operate in 2 distinct modes: a "proactive" preparatory mode and a "reactive" wait-and-see mode. Importantly, the 2 modes are associated with both costs and benefits in cognitive performance. Here we explore this framework, in terms of its…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Cognitive Processes, Hypothesis Testing, Young Adults
Han, Georges; Klimes-Dougan, Bonnie; Jepsen, Susie; Ballard, Kristin; Nelson, Megan; Houri, Alaa; Kumra, Sanjiv; Cullen, Kathryn – Journal of Adolescence, 2012
This study investigated whether major depression in adolescence is characterized by neurocognitive deficits in attention, affective decision making, and cognitive control of emotion processing. Neuropsychological tests including the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence, the Continuous Performance Test-Identical Pairs, the Attention Network…
Descriptors: Reaction Time, Performance Tests, Adolescents, Depression (Psychology)
Hunt, Melissa G.; Momjian, Ani J.; Wong, Keri K. – Psychological Assessment, 2011
The Test of Variables of Attention (TOVA) is a continuous performance test (CPT) that assesses attention, impulsivity, and processing speed. CPTs are used in the assessment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children, but more young adults are being assessed for ADHD as well. The TOVA norms are based on a standardization sample…
Descriptors: Evidence, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Expectation, College Students
Borst, Jelmer P.; Taatgen, Niels A.; van Rijn, Hedderik – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2010
The main challenge for theories of multitasking is to predict when and how tasks interfere. Here, we focus on interference related to the problem state, a directly accessible intermediate representation of the current state of a task. On the basis of Salvucci and Taatgen's (2008) threaded cognition theory, we predict interference if 2 or more…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Cognitive Processes, Models, Time Management
Yeung, Nick – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2010
Voluntary action can be studied by giving participants free choice over which task to perform in response to each presented stimulus. In such experiments, performance costs are observed when participants choose to switch tasks from the previous trial. It has been proposed that these costs primarily index the time-consuming operation of top-down…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Costs, Experimental Psychology, Stimuli
Dhar, Monica; Been, Pieter H.; Minderaa, Ruud B.; Althaus, Monika – Neuropsychologia, 2010
Twenty male adults with ADHD, 16 dyslexic adults, 15 comorbid adults, and 16 normal controls were compared on performance and underlying brain responses, during a cued Continuous Performance Test (O-X CPT), with the aim of discovering features of information processing differentiating between the groups. The study evaluated both cue- and…
Descriptors: Reaction Time, Dyslexia, Performance Tests, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Valdez, Pablo; Reilly, Thomas; Waterhouse, Jim – Mind, Brain, and Education, 2008
Cognitive performance is affected by an individual's characteristics and the environment, as well as by the nature of the task and the amount of practice at it. Mental performance tests range in complexity and include subjective estimates of mood, simple objective tests (reaction time), and measures of complex performance that require decisions to…
Descriptors: Reaction Time, Mathematical Models, Academic Achievement, Performance Tests
Solanto, Mary V.; Gilbert, Sharone N.; Raj, Anu; Zhu, John; Pope-Boyd, Sa'brina; Stepak, Brenda; Vail, Lucia; Newcorn, Jeffrey H. – Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 2007
The Predominantly Inattentive (PI) and Combined (CB) subtypes of AD/HD differ in cognitive tempo, age of onset, gender ratio, and comorbidity, yet a differentiating endophenotype has not been identified. The aim of this study was to test rigorously diagnosed PI, CB, and typical children on measures selected for their potential to reveal…
Descriptors: Memory, Intervals, Reaction Time, Performance Tests
Download full textDuncan, Ann Dell Warren – 1969
To determine whether gifted children are faster than average students on all behaviors sampled or only on academic subjects, 46 gifted and 30 average children were tested. The time rates for tapping, walking, reading, answering, and calculating were determined. All children were from grades 4 through 6; median IQ of the gifted was 138, and for the…
Descriptors: Behavior, Cognitive Processes, Elementary School Students, Exceptional Child Research
Meyler, Ann; Breznitz, Zvia – Journal of Genetic Psychology, 2005
The authors examined the processing of phonological and orthographic word representations among 17 dyslexic and 16 normal college-level readers using Event-Related Potential measures. They focused on 2 early components--the P200 and the P300. The results revealed P200 and P300 components of lower amplitude and later latency among dyslexic readers…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Dyslexia, Short Term Memory, Word Recognition
Peer reviewedBraden, Jeffery P. – American Annals of the Deaf, 1987
Differences in performance IQs between deaf children of hearing parents (HP), deaf children of deaf parents (DP), and hearing children (HC) may be a result of differences in speed of information processing. DP adolescents were found to have faster reaction and movement times than HP or HC subjects along with equivalent IQs. (Author/VW)
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Deafness, Family Environment, Intellectual Development
Gualtieri, C. Thomas; Johnson, Lynda G. – Journal of Attention Disorders, 2006
Background: It has been proposed that ADHD is an executive control disorder. Little is known however about the maturation of executive control in ADHD. Method: A cross-sectional study of ADHD patients compared to normal controls tested on a computerized neurocognitive test battery. Participants: 175 patients with ADHD, age 10 to 29, compared to…
Descriptors: Age Differences, Developmental Stages, Child Development, Adolescent Development
