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Breakstone, Joel – Theory and Research in Social Education, 2014
This article considers the design process for new formative history assessments. Over the course of 3 years, my colleagues from the Stanford History Education Group and I designed, piloted, and revised dozens of "History Assessments of Thinking" (HATs). As we created HATs, we sought to gather information about their cognitive validity,…
Descriptors: History Instruction, Formative Evaluation, Tests, Correlation
Lackey, James R. – 1994
The elements of statistical formulae that cause people to perceive them as difficult were studied, working from theoretical bases that involve cognitive load, motivational perception, and impasse driven learning. In a pilot study conducted to identify difficulties that novices perceive while learning statistical formulae, 22 students in an…
Descriptors: Adults, Cognitive Processes, College Students, Equations (Mathematics)

Hess, Brian – Computers & Education, 1999
Describes a study that was conducted to describe and interpret the cognition of a graduate student during information retrieval using the World Wide Web. Results of observation, think aloud protocols, and an in-depth interview are discussed within a theory of information processing, and implications for future research are suggested. (Author/LRW)
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Futures (of Society), Graduate Students, Higher Education
Hess, Brian – 1999
The purpose of this study was to describe and interpret the cognition of a graduate student during information retrieval using the World Wide Web. The participant was a doctoral student in psychology with little experience using the Internet, and even less experience with the World Wide Web. The student performed an open search of her dissertation…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Graduate Students, Graduate Study, Higher Education
Baxter, Gail P.; And Others – 1993
Analyses of the cognitive activity displayed by students on existing innovative assessments in science were conducted. The project has worked with pilot alternative assessment programs in Connecticut and California to document the match or mismatch between the skills and processes that the assessment is designed to tap and those actually elicited.…
Descriptors: Alternative Assessment, Cognitive Processes, Cognitive Psychology, Cognitive Structures