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Fabian Hutmacher; Markus Appel; Benjamin Schätzlein; Christoph Mengelkamp – Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 2024
Misinformation can profoundly impact an individual's attitudes--sometimes even after the misinformation has been corrected. In two preregistered experiments (N[subscript 1] = 355, N[subscript 2] = 725), we investigated whether individual differences in the ability and motivation to process information thoroughly influence the impact of…
Descriptors: Intelligence, Attitude Change, Misinformation, Error Correction
Julia M. Rodriguez Buritica; Ben Eppinger; Hauke R. Heekeren; Eveline A. Crone; Anna C. K. van Duijvenvoorde – npj Science of Learning, 2024
Observational learning is essential for the acquisition of new behavior in educational practices and daily life and serves as an important mechanism for human cognitive and social-emotional development. However, we know little about its underlying neurocomputational mechanisms from a developmental perspective. In this study we used model-based…
Descriptors: Observational Learning, Individual Differences, Children, Young Adults
Stocco, Andrea; Prat, Chantel S.; Graham, Lauren K. – Cognitive Science, 2021
The ability to reason and problem-solve in novel situations, as measured by the Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices (RAPM), is highly predictive of both cognitive task performance and real-world outcomes. Here we provide evidence that RAPM performance depends on the ability to reallocate attention in response to self-generated feedback about…
Descriptors: Individual Differences, Rewards, Abstract Reasoning, Problem Solving
Braasch, Jason L. G.; Kessler, Erica D. – Discourse Processes: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 2021
Comprehension substantially benefits from attending to, thinking about, and mentally representing the sources of any presented information. Such processes require mental effort and unfortunately people do not always engage in such activities. The current article presents a nascent, evolving model of discourse comprehension that formalizes…
Descriptors: Language Processing, Reading Comprehension, Discourse Analysis, Prediction
Bye, Jeffrey K.; Harsch, Rina M.; Varma, Sashank – Journal of Numerical Cognition, 2022
Algebraic thinking and strategy flexibility are essential to advanced mathematical thinking. Early algebra instruction uses 'missing-operand' problems (e.g., x - 7 = 2) solvable via two typical strategies: (1) direct retrieval of arithmetic facts (e.g., 9 - 7 = 2) and (2) performance of the inverse operation (e.g., 2 + 7 = 9). The current study…
Descriptors: Algebra, Problem Solving, Mathematics Instruction, Arithmetic
Vadasy, Patricia F.; Sanders, Elizabeth A.; Cartwright, Kelly B. – Journal of Education for Students Placed at Risk, 2023
The development of beginning decoding and encoding skills is influenced by linguistic skills as well as executive functions (EFs). These higher-level cognitive processes include working memory, inhibition, and cognitive flexibility, and individual differences in these EFs have been shown to contribute to early academic learning. The present study…
Descriptors: Cognitive Ability, Decoding (Reading), Prediction, Language Skills
Burton, A. Mike; Kramer, Robin S. S.; Ritchie, Kay L.; Jenkins, Rob – Cognitive Science, 2016
Research in face recognition has tended to focus on discriminating between individuals, or "telling people apart." It has recently become clear that it is also necessary to understand how images of the same person can vary, or "telling people together." Learning a new face, and tracking its representation as it changes from…
Descriptors: Recognition (Psychology), Human Body, Individual Differences, Familiarity
Howes, Andrew; Duggan, Geoffrey B.; Kalidindi, Kiran; Tseng, Yuan-Chi; Lewis, Richard L. – Cognitive Science, 2016
It is known that, on average, people adapt their choice of memory strategy to the subjective utility of interaction. What is not known is whether an individual's choices are "boundedly optimal." Two experiments are reported that test the hypothesis that an individual's decisions about the distribution of remembering between internal and…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Experiments, Hypothesis Testing, Prediction
Vadasy, Patricia F.; Sanders, Elizabeth A.; Cartwright, Kelly B. – Grantee Submission, 2022
The development of beginning decoding and encoding skills is influenced by linguistic skills as well as executive functions (EFs). These higher-level cognitive processes include working memory, inhibition, and cognitive flexibility, and individual differences in these EFs have been shown to contribute to early academic learning. The present study…
Descriptors: Cognitive Ability, Decoding (Reading), Prediction, Language Skills
Wilmer, Henry H. – ProQuest LLC, 2017
Mobile electronic devices such as smartphones are playing an increasingly pervasive role in our daily activities. A growing body of literature is beginning to investigate how mobile technology habits might relate to individual differences in cognitive traits. The present study is an investigation into how individual differences in intertemporal…
Descriptors: Telecommunications, Handheld Devices, Correlation, Individual Differences
van Duijvenbode, Neomi; Didden, Robert; VanDerNagel, Joanne E. L.; Korzilius, Hubert P. L. M.; Engels, Rutger C. M. E. – Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability, 2018
Background: The goal of this study was to examine the relationship between drinking motives and interpretation bias (interpreting ambiguous stimuli in an alcohol-related way) in problematic drinkers with and without mild to borderline intellectual disability (MBID). Method: Participants (N = 178) were divided into 4 groups based on severity of…
Descriptors: Correlation, Drinking, Alcohol Abuse, Individual Differences
Kenett, Yoed N.; Levi, Effi; Anaki, David; Faust, Miriam – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2017
Semantic distance is a determining factor in cognitive processes, such as semantic priming, operating upon semantic memory. The main computational approach to compute semantic distance is through latent semantic analysis (LSA). However, objections have been raised against this approach, mainly in its failure at predicting semantic priming. We…
Descriptors: Semantics, Priming, Cognitive Processes, Language Processing
Fox, Jessica Kate – ProQuest LLC, 2017
Researchers in the field of second language acquisition continue to establish links between cognition and emotion (Dewaele, 2013; MacIntyre, 2002; MacIntyre & Gardner, 1989, 1991b, 1994; Segalowitz & Trofimovich, 2011). The purpose of the present study is to investigate to what extent physiological and self-report measures predict…
Descriptors: Vocabulary Development, Task Analysis, Second Language Learning, Schemata (Cognition)
Wolfe, Christopher R.; Fisher, Christopher R. – Learning and Individual Differences, 2013
Little is known about individual differences in integrating numeric base-rates and qualitative text in making probability judgments. Fuzzy-Trace Theory predicts a preference for fuzzy processing. We conducted six studies to develop the FPPI, a reliable and valid instrument assessing individual differences in this fuzzy processing preference. It…
Descriptors: Individual Differences, Cognitive Processes, Probability, Decision Making
Weisberg, Steven M.; Schinazi, Victor R.; Newcombe, Nora S.; Shipley, Thomas F.; Epstein, Russell A. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2014
There are marked individual differences in the formation of cognitive maps both in the real world and in virtual environments (VE; e.g., Blajenkova, Motes, & Kozhevnikov, 2005; Chai & Jacobs, 2010; Ishikawa & Montello, 2006; Wen, Ishikawa, & Sato, 2011). These differences, however, are poorly understood and can be difficult to…
Descriptors: Experimental Psychology, Cognitive Mapping, Individual Differences, Simulated Environment