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Hample, Dale – Journal of the American Forensic Association, 1986
Argues that the unconscious mind plays a central role in argumentation. Discusses the nature of the unconscious and analyzes invention, focusing on rules theory. Claims that argument reception is controlled by the unconscious. Identifies a series of basic issues needing investigation. (JD)
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Cognitive Structures, Communication Research, Debate
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Jutengren, Goran; Palmerus, Kerstin – Social Indicators Research, 2007
Four specific schemas of cognitive structures that adolescents may hold concerning interpersonal disagreements with their parents were identified, each reflecting an authoritative, authoritarian, indulgent, or a neglecting parenting style. To examine the occurrence of such schemas across high and low levels of psychosocial adjustment, 120 Swedish…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Adjustment (to Environment), Psychological Patterns, Social Influences
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Perner, Josef; Lang, Birgit; Kloo, Daniela – Child Development, 2002
Two experiments examined whether the correlation between advances on theory-of-mind and executive function tasks results from the tasks posing the same executive demands among 3- to 6- year-olds. Findings indicated that performance on the dimensional change card-sorting task (a measure of executive function) was correlated with performance on the…
Descriptors: Cognitive Development, Cognitive Processes, Cognitive Structures, Cognitive Tests
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Woolfe, Tyron; Want, Stephen C.; Siegal, Michael – Child Development, 2002
Two studies investigated the effect of language input on theory of mind by comparing the performance of deaf native-signing children (ages 4 to 8) raised by deaf signing parents and deaf late-signing children raised by hearing parents on "thought picture" measures of theory of mind. Findings indicated that deaf late signers showed…
Descriptors: Cognitive Development, Cognitive Processes, Cognitive Structures, Cognitive Tests
Karabenick, Stuart A.; LeBlanc, Daniel – 1985
Evidence points to a pervasive tendency for persons to behave to maintain their existing cognitive structures. One strategy by which this self-verification is made more probable involves information processing. Through attention, encoding and retrieval, and the interpretation of events, persons process information so that self-confirmatory…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Cognitive Structures, College Students, Higher Education
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Johnson, Ronald W.; And Others – Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 1995
Tested Cooper and Fazio's dissonance model. Subjects made arguments that were consistent or inconsistent with their attitudes and were provided feedback about consequences. Attitude-change effect only occurred when behaviors were both inconsistent and resulted in aversive consequences. Results suggest that cognitive inconsistency may be necessary…
Descriptors: Abstract Reasoning, Affective Behavior, Attitude Change, Attitudes
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Markman, Keith D.; And Others – Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 1995
Examined the effects of perceived control and close alternative outcomes on counterfactual generation (thoughts of what could have been). Subjects played a "wheel of fortune" game in which they controlled one of two wheels. Results supported the idea that people generate counterfactuals about events over which they have perceived…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Cognitive Structures, Expectation, Individual Power
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Roese, Neal J.; Olson, James M. – Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 1995
Examined impact of outcome controllability on counterfactual thoughts (thoughts of what could have been). Two studies showed that outcome controllability affected counterfactual direction: thoughts on how things could have been better were more frequent following controllable outcomes, and thoughts on how things could have been worse followed…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Cognitive Structures, Expectation, Individual Power
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Edwards, Kari; Hippel, William von – Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 1995
In two experiments, affect-based and cognition-based attitudes toward a person were induced by varying sequence of affective and cognitive information presented to subjects while holding content constant. Results indicated affect-based attitudes were most effectively changed by affective persuasive appeals, whether these appeals were produced by…
Descriptors: Affective Behavior, Affective Measures, Attitudes, Beliefs
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Ruffman, Ted; Slade, Lance; Crowe, Elena – Child Development, 2002
This longitudinal study investigated the relation between mothers' descriptions of mental states portrayed in pictures and 2- to 4-year-old children's theory of mind. Mothers described pictures to children at 3 different times during the year. Findings indicated that mothers' use of mental state utterances at early time points correlated with…
Descriptors: Cognitive Development, Cognitive Processes, Cognitive Structures, Emotional Response
Artz, Sibylle – 1994
Feeling, emotion, and passion are the "stuff" of everyday experience. This guidebook helps the reader understand emotions in a two-step approach. First, common assumptions about emotion are examined in order to arrive at a deeper understanding of current approaches to emotion, especially as these exist in the fields of psychology and…
Descriptors: Affective Behavior, Attitudes, Cognitive Processes, Cognitive Psychology
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Harris, P. – Human Development, 1995
Suggests that while doubting that the dichotomy introduced by Subbotsky can cover the entire domain of motivation, he should applaud the emphasis on the neglected but critical importance of motivation in developmental psychology, and the attempt to distinguish different types of motivation, even as contributors to a single behavior. (AA)
Descriptors: Abstract Reasoning, Cognitive Processes, Cognitive Structures, Cultural Influences
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Astington, J. W.; Olson, D. R. – Human Development, 1995
Examines two theoretical approaches on how we understand our own and others' minds: a causal explanatory and an interpretive social approach. Explores the relations between these views and suggests that the real challenge of the cognitive revolution is to unite the two approaches, to achieve a causal naturalistic account of the acquisition and…
Descriptors: Abstract Reasoning, Cognitive Ability, Cognitive Processes, Cognitive Structures
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Leadbeater, B.; Raver, C. – Human Development, 1995
Suggests that a better understanding of the development of children's theories of mind, requires theoretical perspectives that do not privilege the child who conceptualizes or actively participates in social interactions. Proposes that a better understanding of the relationships among brain, psyche, behavior, and culture should be promoted. (AA)
Descriptors: Abstract Reasoning, Cognitive Ability, Cognitive Processes, Cognitive Structures
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Fleisher, Feldman – Human Development, 1995
Examines Astington and Olson's proposal under the context of von Wright's and Hempel's theories of explanation and understanding. Suggests that for taking children's meaning making seriously, researchers should find a principled way to acknowledge the role of interpretation in scientific thinking even in the making of explanation itself. (AA)
Descriptors: Abstract Reasoning, Cognitive Ability, Cognitive Processes, Cognitive Structures
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