Publication Date
| In 2025 | 0 |
| Since 2024 | 0 |
| Since 2021 (last 5 years) | 0 |
| Since 2016 (last 10 years) | 1 |
| Since 2006 (last 20 years) | 2 |
Descriptor
| Cognitive Processes | 5 |
| Protocol Analysis | 5 |
| Revision (Written Composition) | 5 |
| Writing Processes | 3 |
| Elementary Secondary Education | 2 |
| Writing Skills | 2 |
| Adults | 1 |
| Algebra | 1 |
| Behavior Patterns | 1 |
| Educational Assessment | 1 |
| Elementary School Teachers | 1 |
| More ▼ | |
Author
| Hayes, John R. | 2 |
| Basaraba, Deni | 1 |
| Ellenbogen, Beverly | 1 |
| Flower, Linda S. | 1 |
| Ketterlin-Geller, Leanne | 1 |
| Lin, Deh-nan | 1 |
| Peskin, Joan | 1 |
| Woods, Dawn | 1 |
| Zannou, Yetunde | 1 |
Publication Type
| Reports - Research | 4 |
| Journal Articles | 2 |
| Information Analyses | 1 |
| Reports - Descriptive | 1 |
| Speeches/Meeting Papers | 1 |
| Tests/Questionnaires | 1 |
Education Level
| Early Childhood Education | 1 |
| Elementary Education | 1 |
| Grade 2 | 1 |
| Grade 3 | 1 |
| Grade 4 | 1 |
| Intermediate Grades | 1 |
| Primary Education | 1 |
Audience
| Practitioners | 1 |
| Teachers | 1 |
Location
Laws, Policies, & Programs
Assessments and Surveys
What Works Clearinghouse Rating
Direct linkPeskin, Joan; Ellenbogen, Beverly – Cognition and Instruction, 2019
To identify expert poets' cognitive processes as they compose poetry, we asked 10 expert poets and 10 novice writers of poetry to think aloud as they composed a poem. Compared to the novices, expert poets revealed an associative playfulness and surrendering of consciousness, similar to that shown in research on general creativity in domains such…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Poetry, Protocol Analysis, Expertise
Download full textBasaraba, Deni; Zannou, Yetunde; Woods, Dawn; Ketterlin-Geller, Leanne – Society for Research on Educational Effectiveness, 2013
Within the current test-centered educational reform movement, considerable emphasis is placed on using assessment results to make instructional decisions for individual students. Test scores are used to estimate a student's current level of skill, monitor his or her progress during instruction, and identify whether the student has gained the…
Descriptors: Protocol Analysis, Metacognition, Problem Solving, Educational Assessment
Lin, Deh-nan – 2001
This study investigated cognitive processes involved in English-as-a-Second-Language (ESL) students' correcting and revising drafts after receiving oral feedback from their teachers, noting factors that led to better written products and factors that did not improve student writing. The study examined what kinds of revision strategies students…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Elementary Secondary Education, English (Second Language), Feedback
Hayes, John R.; And Others – 1985
A new model of the revision process in written composition, based on the results of thinking aloud protocol studies, is presented in this report. The report begins by discussing earlier observations and theories of revision that establish four points: (1) there are large differences among writers in the amount of revising they do, (2) expert…
Descriptors: Behavior Patterns, Cognitive Processes, Learning Strategies, Learning Theories
Peer reviewedHayes, John R.; Flower, Linda S. – Topics in Language Disorders, 1987
Protocol analysis and a literature review were used to determine the ways novice and expert writers, from elementary to postsecondary levels, deal with the cognitive processes that constitute writing. They found that writing is goal-directed, writing goals are hierarchically organized, and writers accomplish their goals through planning, sentence…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Elementary Secondary Education, Goal Orientation, Postsecondary Education
