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Lamb, Richard L.; Firestone, Jonah B. – International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education, 2017
Conflicting explanations and unrelated information in science classrooms increase cognitive load and decrease efficiency in learning. This reduced efficiency ultimately limits one's ability to solve reasoning problems in the science. In reasoning, it is the ability of students to sift through and identify critical pieces of information that is of…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Difficulty Level, Science Process Skills, Computation
van Leeuwen, Theo H.; Manalo, Emmanuel; van der Meij, Jan – Mind, Brain, and Education, 2015
There is considerable interest in the cultivation of student graphic literacy among educators and researchers, especially in the sciences. Previous research, however, has shown that many students manifest difficulties in using diagrammatic representations. One explanation that has been proposed to account for these difficulties is that certain…
Descriptors: Science Education, Diagnostic Tests, Brain, Visual Aids
Heckler, Andrew F.; Bogdan, Abigail M. – Physical Review Physics Education Research, 2018
A critical component of scientific reasoning is the consideration of alternative explanations. Recognizing that decades of cognitive psychology research have demonstrated that relative cognitive accessibility, or "what comes to mind," strongly affects how people reason in a given context, we articulate a simple "cognitive…
Descriptors: Science Process Skills, Abstract Reasoning, Thinking Skills, Physics
Klein, Perry D.; Ehrhardt, Jacqueline S. – Alberta Journal of Educational Research, 2015
Argumentation can contribute significantly to content area learning. Recent research has raised questions about the effects of discussion (deliberation) goals versus persuasion (disputation) goals on reasoning and learning. This is the first study to compare the effects of these writing goals on individual writing to learn. Grade 7 and 8 students…
Descriptors: Persuasive Discourse, Discussion, Student Educational Objectives, Abstract Reasoning
Stone, Antoinette – ProQuest LLC, 2013
The use of science classroom discourse analysis as a way to gain a better understanding of various student cognitive outcomes has a rich history in Science Education in general and Physics Education Research (PER) in particular. When students talk to each other in a collaborative peer instruction environment, such as in the CLASP classes…
Descriptors: Interpersonal Communication, Cooperative Learning, Discourse Analysis, Abstract Reasoning
Sibbald, Matthew; de Bruin, Anique B. H. – Advances in Health Sciences Education, 2012
Clinicians are believed to use two predominant reasoning strategies: system 1 based pattern recognition, and system 2 based analytical reasoning. Balancing these cognitive reasoning strategies is widely believed to reduce diagnostic error. However, clinicians approach different problems with different reasoning strategies. This study explores…
Descriptors: Expertise, Pattern Recognition, Thinking Skills, Cooperative Learning

Holton, Gerald – Physics Teacher, 1979
Gives an analysis of how Einstein viewed "thinking," and the nature of scientific discovery, using extensive quotations from Einstein's own writings, and especially from his essay "Autobiographical Notes."
Descriptors: Abstract Reasoning, Autobiographies, Cognitive Processes, Logic
Jesunathadas, Joseph; Saunders, Walter L. – 1985
A long-standing issue in cognitive psychology is the question of content effects upon problem-solving skills, that is, do students' problem-solving abilities generalize across specific subject matter domains? Although Piaget argued that formal reasoning strategies are independent of content, the well-known decalogs of Piaget can be interpreted as…
Descriptors: Abstract Reasoning, Cognitive Processes, Junior High Schools, Knowledge Level

Carlson, Gaylen R. – Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 1976
Children's understanding of Euclidian space was investigated using three Piaget-type tasks to examine the ability of children to quantitatively locate a point in one, two, and three dimensions. Among the findings were that a disagreement exists between Piaget's data and the results of this study. (BT)
Descriptors: Abstract Reasoning, Cognitive Development, Cognitive Processes, Educational Research

Ewens, Thomas – Design for Arts in Education, 1989
Compares science and art as modes of reflective activity in order to remedy confusion concerning the notion of disciplined-based art education. Referring to the work of John Macmurray, the author suggests that there is a discipline unique to the arts that differs from the disciplines proper to intellectual modes of reflection. (KO)
Descriptors: Abstract Reasoning, Affective Behavior, Art Education, Cognitive Processes
Measured Formal Thought and That Required to Understand Formal Concepts in Secondary School Biology.
Renner, John W.; Cate, Jean McGregor – 1985
Students (N=22) enrolled in secondary school biology were evaluated for their abilities to use: combinatorial logic; correlational reasoning; separation and control of variables; exclusion of irrelevant variables; proportional reasoning; and probabilistic reasoning. Each student responded individually to six Piagetian tasks designed to measure…
Descriptors: Abstract Reasoning, Biology, Cognitive Processes, Comprehension

Lawson, Anton E. – Science Education, 1982
Many science curriculum development projects have the goal of increasing students' ability to employ scientific or formal reasoning strategies. Argues that longitudinal data of students who acquired formal reasoning strategies as a consequence of specific instruction are needed to provide evidence that these skills will help in other academic…
Descriptors: Abstract Reasoning, Achievement, Cognitive Development, Cognitive Measurement

Linn, Marcia C. – European Journal of Science Education, 1980
Three task context factors that form obstacles to generalizing logical reasoning strategies for adolescents are discussed. The relationship between these obstacle factors and Piagetian theory is explored. Findings suggest that it is possible to make some predictions about how and when logical mechanisms will be generalized to new situations.…
Descriptors: Abstract Reasoning, Adolescents, Cognitive Processes, Concept Formation

Lowell, Walter E. – Science Education, 1979
Analyzes the meaning of Piaget's concept of abstraction and provides discussion of some of its shortcomings. (HM)
Descriptors: Abstract Reasoning, Cognitive Development, Cognitive Processes, Concept Formation

Lowell, Walter E. – Science Education, 1977
Presented is a theoretical, hierarchical model of abstraction designed to provide a systematic theoretical framework for future research into abstract learning. A test of the model with 149 subjects supported the assumption that the hierarchical model of abstraction is valid. (SL)
Descriptors: Abstract Reasoning, Cognitive Processes, Cognitive Tests, Comprehension