The problem investigated was the relationship between cognitive category width and certain other cognitive and perceptual variables, with the intent of gaining additional insight into the effect which individual differences in cognitive conceptualization exert on certain other behaviors. Cognitive category width, defined as the score obtained on…

A longitudinal study among American adolescents revealed (1) an insignificant impact of field dependence-independence on the development of formal operational thought; (2) continuous development of combinatorial reasoning and propositional logic abilities, but little increase in comprehension of proportionality; and (3) sex differences in formal…

Examined whether 6.5- and 5.5-month-old infants believe, like 11-month-old infants, that a moving object's size affects how far a stationary object is displaced in a collision. After a habituation event, tests indicated that the 6.5-month-old infants and 5.5-month-old female infants believed the size of the moving object affected the collision…

The present findings suggest that never" as a response and very often" as a response are mediated by different underlying processes, at least between the ages of 8 and 17. (Author/WY)

Examined 1,100 boys and 1,100 girls who matched the U.S. population using the Planning, Attention, Simultaneous, Successive (PASS) cognitive-processing theory, built on the neuropsychological work of A.R. Luria (1973). Results illustrate that the PASS theory offers a useful way to examine gender differences in cognitive performance. (BF)

In a test of cognitive consistency across cultures, balance scores showed significant differences between Greek and American subjects and between males and females in both cultures, differential across tasks. Implications for consistency theory in general are discussed. (Author/EH)

THE EFFECT OF SECURITY ON PERSONAL ADJUSTMENT, PERCEPTUAL AND COGNITIVE STYLE, AND PERSONAL EFFECTIVENESS WAS EVALUATED. THE SAMPLE WAS 249 STUDENTS ENROLLED IN A TEACHER EDUCATION, CHILD STUDY PROGRAM. PERFORMANCE ON MASLOW'S SECURITY INDEX INVENTORY DETERMINED AN INDIVIDUAL'S PLACEMENT IN ONE OF THREE GROUPS. ROKEACH'S DOGMATISM SCALE (FORM E)…

Tests the distinction between inferring new categories on the basis of property information (predicted to be difficult) and inferring new properties on the basis of category information (predicted to be easier) among 57 preschool children. (HOD)

Dual task procedures--elaborative strategy use and finger tapping--were used to examine both recall and mental effort demands of elaboration strategy use among second and third graders. Results indicated that boys and girls did not differ in recall of arbitrarily paired items, but for feminine pairs, girls recalled more than boys; for masculine…

The general aim of education is seen as creating possibilities for gaining experiences and acquiring knowledge, hence development of cognition. The knowledge ideal in education is understood within the frames of the historically produced scientific ideal, which also indicates the road by which knowledge may be obtained. This historical production…

Many studies have reported that college students often do not know the principle that liquids remain invariantly horizontal, and that this is more often true of women than of men. Two experiments were conducted to replicate sex effects on a water-level task while controlling for academic interests and background. The first experiment investigated…

The relationship between the development of reversible thought and performance in arithmetic equations among children was investigated. Subjects were 86 second grade boys and girls. Two reversibility tasks and 20 addition and subtraction equations were administered. Results indicated significant correlations between the two variables only among…

The research reported in this study indicates that cognitive style might be more firmly established in boys of five years than girls. (Author/DE)

The association of locus of cerebral hemispheric specialization of spatial function with identity and equivalence conservation judgments was tested in a group of four- to six-year-old right-handed children (N=31). (Author/MP)

Performance differences between male and female students in proportional reasoning tasks were analyzed with respect to task characteristics. The student performance was also compared to their visual-spatial ability to determine whether such ability correlates with a better performance. The task characteristics tested were ratio complexity,…