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Showing 1 to 15 of 46 results Save | Export
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Macnamara, Brooke N.; Frank, David J. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2018
For well over a century, scientists have investigated individual differences in performance. The majority of studies have focused on either differences in practice, or differences in cognitive resources. However, the predictive ability of either practice or cognitive resources varies considerably across tasks. We are the first to examine task…
Descriptors: Learning, Performance, Cognitive Processes, Difficulty Level
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Miciak, Jeremy; Taylor, W. Pat; Stuebing, Karla K.; Fletcher, Jack M. – Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 2018
We investigated the classification accuracy of learning disability (LD) identification methods premised on the identification of an intraindividual pattern of processing strengths and weaknesses (PSW) method using multiple indicators for all latent constructs. Known LD status was derived from latent scores; values at the observed level identified…
Descriptors: Accuracy, Learning Disabilities, Classification, Identification
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Peters, Benjamin; Rahm, Benjamin; Czoschke, Stefan; Barnes, Catherine; Kaiser, Jochen; Bledowski, Christoph – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2018
Working memory (WM) enables a rapid access to a limited number of items that are no longer physically present. WM studies usually involve the encoding and retention of multiple items, while probing a single item only. Hence, little is known about how well multiple items can be reported from WM. Here we asked participants to successively report…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Visual Perception, Recall (Psychology), Cues
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Peterson, Dwight J.; Naveh-Benjamin, Moshe – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2017
An important yet unresolved question regarding visual working memory (VWM) relates to whether or not binding processes within VWM require additional attentional resources compared with processing solely the individual components comprising these bindings. Previous findings indicate that binding of surface features (e.g., colored shapes) within VWM…
Descriptors: Attention, Short Term Memory, Visual Perception, Cognitive Processes
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Williams, Carrick C.; Burkle, Kyle A. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2017
To investigate the critical information in long-term visual memory representations of objects, we used occlusion to emphasize 1 type of information or another. By occluding 1 solid side of the object (e.g., top 50%) or by occluding 50% of the object with stripes (like a picket fence), we emphasized visible information about the object, processing…
Descriptors: Long Term Memory, Visual Perception, College Students, Pictorial Stimuli
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Steinhauser, Marco; Ernst, Benjamin; Ibald, Kevin W. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2017
Posterror slowing (PES) refers to an increased response time following errors. While PES has traditionally been attributed to control adjustments, recent evidence suggested that PES reflects interference. The present study investigated the hypothesis that control and interference represent 2 components of PES that differ with respect to their time…
Descriptors: Reaction Time, Interference (Learning), Cognitive Processes, Classification
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Jonker, Tanya R.; MacLeod, Colin M. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2018
Reconstructing memory for sequences is a complex process, likely involving multiple sources of information. In 3 experiments, we examined the source(s) of information that might underlie the ability to accurately place an event within a temporal context. The task was to estimate, after studying each list, the temporal position of a single test…
Descriptors: Information Sources, Cognitive Processes, Memory, Sequential Approach
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Pohl, Rüdiger F.; Bayen, Ute J.; Arnold, Nina; Auer, Tina-Sarah; Martin, Claudia – Journal of Cognition and Development, 2018
Hindsight bias is the tendency to overestimate one's prior knowledge of a fact or event after learning the actual fact. Recent research has suggested that age-related differences in hindsight bias may be based on age-related differences in inhibitory control. We tested whether this explanation held for 3 cognitive processes assumed to underlie…
Descriptors: Age Differences, Cognitive Processes, Memory, Bias
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Mulligan, Neil W.; Spataro, Pietro – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2015
Divided attention during encoding typically produces marked reductions in later memory. The attentional boost effect (ABE) is a surprising variation on this phenomenon. In this paradigm, each study stimulus (e.g., a word) is presented along with a target or a distractor (e.g., different colored circles) in a detection task. Later memory is better…
Descriptors: Attention, Memory, Cognitive Processes, Time
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Boone, Alexander P.; Hegarty, Mary – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2017
The paper-and-pencil Mental Rotation Test (Vandenberg & Kuse, 1978) consistently produces large sex differences favoring men (Voyer, Voyer, & Bryden, 1995). In this task, participants select 2 of 4 answer choices that are rotations of a probe stimulus. Incorrect choices (i.e., foils) are either mirror reflections of the probe or…
Descriptors: Gender Differences, Cognitive Processes, Spatial Ability, Cognitive Tests
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Langerock, Naomi; Vergauwe, Evie; Dirix, Nicolas; Barrouillet, Pierre – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2018
Working memory, the system allowing for a simultaneous maintenance and processing of information, is typically conceived as a capacity limited system. A proposed method to transcend its standard maintenance capacity is to maintain multifeature objects, instead of isolated features. Several studies have shown that multifeature memory items are…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Cognitive Processes, Hypothesis Testing, Visual Stimuli
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Dignath, David; Kiesel, Andrea; Eder, Andreas B. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2015
Conflict processing is assumed to serve two crucial, yet distinct functions: Regarding task performance, control is adjusted to overcome the conflict. Regarding task choice, control is harnessed to bias decision making away from the source of conflict. Despite recent theoretical progress, until now two lines of research addressed these…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Conflict, Adjustment (to Environment), Reaction Time
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Baars, Martine; Leopold, Claudia; Paas, Fred – Journal of Educational Psychology, 2018
The ability to learn in a self-regulated way is important for adolescents' academic achievements. Monitoring one's own learning is a prerequisite skill for successful self-regulated learning. However, accurate monitoring has been found to be difficult for adolescents, especially for learning problem-solving tasks such as can be found in math and…
Descriptors: Problem Solving, Secondary School Students, Learning Strategies, Biology
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Xiao, Naiqi G.; Quinn, Paul C.; Ge, Liezhong; Lee, Kang – Developmental Psychology, 2017
Although most of the faces we encounter daily are moving ones, much of what we know about face processing and its development is based on studies using static faces that emphasize holistic processing as the hallmark of mature face processing. Here the authors examined the effects of facial movements on face processing developmentally in children…
Descriptors: Developmental Psychology, Children, Adolescents, Adults
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Ding, Yi; Liu, Ru-De; Xu, Le; Wang, Jia; Zhang, Dake – Journal of Educational Research, 2017
The authors' aim was to examine the relations among mental multiplication, working memory load (WML), and automaticity by alternating the difficulty level of task characteristics. In Experiment 1, involving 30 fifth-grade students with mixed abilities, a 2 (WML) × 2 (automaticity) design was utilized. In Experiment 2, involving 21 high-achieving…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Multiplication, Correlation, Grade 5
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