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Showing 1 to 15 of 81 results Save | Export
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Zapparrata, Nicole M.; Brooks, Patricia J.; Ober, Teresa M. – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2023
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition affecting information processing across domains. The current meta-analysis investigated whether slower processing speed is associated with the ASD neurocognitive profile and whether findings hold across different time-based tasks and stimuli (social vs. nonsocial; linguistic…
Descriptors: Autism Spectrum Disorders, Cognitive Processes, Stimuli, Reaction Time
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Schiltenwolf, Moritz; Kiesel, Andrea; Dignath, David – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2023
Cognitive control theories describe the active maintenance of goal representations over temporal delays as central for adaptive behavior. Dynamic adaptations of goal representations are often measured as the congruency sequence effect (CSE), which describes a reduced congruency effect in trials following incongruent trials compared to congruent…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Congruence (Psychology), Maintenance, Interference (Learning)
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Dietze, Niklas; Recker, Lukas; Poth, Christian H. – Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 2023
Acting upon target stimuli from the environment becomes faster when the targets are preceded by a warning (alerting) cue. Accordingly, alerting is often used to support action in safety-critical contexts (e.g., honking to alert others of a traffic situation). Crucially, however, the benefits of alerting for action have been established using…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Attention Control, Reaction Time, Arousal Patterns
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Guy, Jacalyn; Mottron, Laurent; Berthiaume, Claude; Bertone, Armando – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2019
Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) demonstrate superior performances on visuo-spatial tasks emphasizing local information processing; however, findings from studies involving hierarchical stimuli are inconsistent. Wide age ranges and group means complicate their interpretability. Children and adolescents with and without ASD completed…
Descriptors: Visual Perception, Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Children
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Gade, Miriam; Paelecke, Marko; Rey-Mermet, Alodie – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2020
In Simon-type interference tasks, participants are asked to perform a 2-choice reaction on a stimulus dimension while ignoring the stimulus position. Commonly, robust congruency effects are found; that is, reactions are faster when the relevant stimulus attribute and the assigned response match the location of the stimulus. Simon congruency…
Descriptors: Inner Speech (Subvocal), Speech Habits, Stimuli, Congruence (Psychology)
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Hershman, Ronen; Henik, Avishai – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2019
It has been suggested that the Stroop task gives rise to 2 conflicts: the information conflict (color vs. word meaning) and the task conflict (name the color vs. read the word). However, behavioral indications for task conflict (reaction time [RT] congruent condition longer than RT neutral condition) appear under very restricted conditions. We…
Descriptors: Reaction Time, Eye Movements, Color, Interference (Learning)
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Ball, B. Hunter; Brewer, Gene A. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2018
The present study implemented an individual differences approach in conjunction with response time (RT) variability and distribution modeling techniques to better characterize the cognitive control dynamics underlying ongoing task cost (i.e., slowing) and cue detection in event-based prospective memory (PM). Three experiments assessed the relation…
Descriptors: Reaction Time, Cognitive Processes, Cues, Memory
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Weissman, Daniel H.; Hawks, Zoë W.; Egner, Tobias – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2016
The congruency effect in distracter interference tasks is often reduced after incongruent relative to congruent trials. Moreover, this "congruency sequence effect" (CSE) is influenced by learning related to concrete stimulus and response features as well as by learning related to abstract cognitive control processes. There is an ongoing…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Experiments, Learning Processes, Stimuli
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Dignath, David; Kiesel, Andrea; Eder, Andreas B. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2015
Conflict processing is assumed to serve two crucial, yet distinct functions: Regarding task performance, control is adjusted to overcome the conflict. Regarding task choice, control is harnessed to bias decision making away from the source of conflict. Despite recent theoretical progress, until now two lines of research addressed these…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Conflict, Adjustment (to Environment), Reaction Time
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Freedberg, Michael; Wagschal, Tana T.; Hazeltine, Eliot – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2014
For skill learning processes to be effective, they must encode associations that are inherent to the current task and avoid those that are spurious or particular to training conditions so that learning can transfer to novel situations. Some everyday contexts even require grouped responding to simultaneously presented stimuli. Here we test whether…
Descriptors: Incidental Learning, Stimuli, Responses, Comparative Analysis
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Little, Daniel R.; Nosofsky, Robert M.; Donkin, Christopher; Denton, Stephen E. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2013
A classic distinction in perceptual information processing is whether stimuli are composed of separable dimensions, which are highly analyzable, or integral dimensions, which are processed holistically. Previous tests of a set of logical-rule models of classification have shown that separable-dimension stimuli are processed serially if the…
Descriptors: Classification, Stimuli, Reaction Time, Models
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Halvorson, Kimberly M.; Ebner, Herschel; Hazeltine, Eliot – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2013
Why are dual-task costs reduced with ideomotor (IM) compatible tasks (Greenwald & Shulman, 1973; Lien, Proctor & Allen, 2002)? In the present experiments, we first examine three different measures of single-task performance (pure single-task blocks, mixed blocks, and long stimulus onset asynchrony [SOA] trials in dual-task blocks) and two…
Descriptors: Psychomotor Skills, Stimuli, Reaction Time, Cognitive Processes
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Meier, Matt E.; Kane, Michael J. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2015
Three experiments examined the relation between working memory capacity (WMC) and 2 different forms of cognitive conflict: stimulus-stimulus (S-S) and stimulus-response (S-R) interference. Our goal was to test whether WMC's relation to conflict-task performance is mediated by stimulus-identification processes (captured by S-S conflict),…
Descriptors: Experimental Psychology, Short Term Memory, Executive Function, Cognitive Processes
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Meiran, Nachshon; Pereg, Maayan; Kessler, Yoav; Cole, Michael W.; Braver, Todd S. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2015
Humans are characterized by an especially highly developed ability to use instructions to prepare toward upcoming events; yet, it is unclear just how powerful instructions can be. Although prior work provides evidence that instructions can be sufficiently powerful to proactively program working memory to execute stimulus-response (S-R)…
Descriptors: Responses, Cognitive Processes, Short Term Memory, Stimuli
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Hirano, Yoshiyuki; Obata, Takayuki; Takahashi, Hidehiko; Tachibana, Atsumichi; Kuroiwa, Daigo; Takahashi, Toru; Ikehira, Hiroo; Onozuka, Minoru – Brain and Cognition, 2013
In recent years, chewing has been discussed as producing effects of maintaining and sustaining cognitive performance. We have reported that chewing may improve or recover the process of working memory; however, the mechanisms underlying these phenomena are still to be elucidated. We investigated the effect of chewing on aspects of attention and…
Descriptors: Accuracy, Arousal Patterns, Stimuli, Reaction Time
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