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Leila Etemadi; Dan-Anders Jirenhed; Anders Rasmussen – npj Science of Learning, 2023
Eyeblink conditioning is used in many species to study motor learning and make inferences about cerebellar function. However, the discrepancies in performance between humans and other species combined with evidence that volition and awareness can modulate learning suggest that eyeblink conditioning is not merely a passive form of learning that…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Cognitive Processes, Difficulty Level, Intervals
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Kalbe, Felix; Schwabe, Lars – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2020
Stimuli encoded shortly before an aversive event are typically well remembered. Traditionally, this emotional memory enhancement has been attributed to beneficial effects of physiological arousal on memory formation. Here, we proposed an additional mechanism and tested whether memory formation is driven by the unpredictable nature of aversive…
Descriptors: Prediction, Memory, Fear, Conditioning
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Leganes-Fonteneau, Mateo; Nikolaou, Kyriaki; Scott, Ryan; Duka, Theodora – Learning & Memory, 2019
Stimuli conditioned with a substance can generate drug-approach behaviors due to their acquired motivational properties. According to implicit theories of addiction, these stimuli can decrease cognitive control automatically. The present study (n = 49) examined whether reward-associated stimuli can interfere with cognitive processes in the absence…
Descriptors: Knowledge Level, Rewards, Conditioning, Bayesian Statistics
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De Leonibus, Elvira; Costantini, Vivian J. A.; Massaro, Antonio; Mandolesi, Georgia; Vanni, Valentina; Luvisetto, Siro; Pavone, Flaminia; Oliverio, Alberto; Mele, Andrea – Learning & Memory, 2011
Response strategy in the dual-solution plus maze is regarded as a form of stimulus-response learning. In this study, by using an outcome devaluation procedure, we show that it can be based on both action-outcome and stimulus-response habit learning, depending on the amount of training that the animals receive. Furthermore, we show that…
Descriptors: Brain Hemisphere Functions, Task Analysis, Stimuli, Responses
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Cooper, Jeffrey C.; Dunne, Simon; Furey, Teresa; O'Doherty, John P. – Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 2012
The dorsal striatum plays a key role in the learning and expression of instrumental reward associations that are acquired through direct experience. However, not all learning about instrumental actions require direct experience. Instead, humans and other animals are also capable of acquiring instrumental actions by observing the experiences of…
Descriptors: Video Technology, Operant Conditioning, Observational Learning, Prediction
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Harloe, John P.; Thorpe, Andrew J.; Lichtman, Aron H. – Learning & Memory, 2008
CB[subscript 1] receptor-compromised animals show profound deficits in extinguishing learned behavior from aversive conditioning tasks, but display normal extinction learning in appetitive operant tasks. However, it is difficult to discern whether the differential involvement of the endogenous cannabinoid system on extinction results from the…
Descriptors: Conditioning, Test Construction, Cognitive Processes, Listening Comprehension Tests