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Hajer Mguidich; Bachir Zoudji; Aïmen Khacharem – Journal of Experimental Education, 2025
The imagination effect occurs when learners who imagine a procedure perform better on a subsequent test than learners who study it. The present study explored whether this effect is restricted to short-term learning or whether it also applies when learning is tested after a delay. Forty novices and forty experts learned about a basketball game…
Descriptors: Imagination, Expertise, Cognitive Processes, Difficulty Level
Leahy, Wayne; Sweller, John – Educational Psychology Review, 2019
The testing effect occurs when students, given information to learn and then practice during a test, perform better on a subsequent content post-test than students who restudy the information as a substitute for the practice test. The effect is often weaker or reversed if immediate rather than delayed post-tests are used. The weakening may be due…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Difficulty Level, Theories, Short Term Memory
Likourezos, Vicki; Kalyuga, Slava; Sweller, John – Educational Psychology Review, 2019
Based on cognitive load theory, this paper reports on two experiments investigating the variability effect that occurs when learners' exposure to highly variable tasks results in superior test performance. It was hypothesised that the effect was more likely to occur using high rather than low levels of guidance and testing more knowledgeable than…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Difficulty Level, Testing, Knowledge Level
Veerbeek, Jochanan; Vogelaar, Bart; Resing, Wilma C. M. – Journal of Cognitive Education and Psychology, 2019
Process-oriented dynamic testing aims to investigate the processes children use to solve cognitive tasks, and evaluate changes in these processes as a result of training. For the current study, a dynamic complex figure task was constructed, using the graduated prompts approach, to investigate the processes involved in solving a complex figure task…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Testing, Cognitive Tests, Problem Solving
Leahy, Wayne; Hanham, José; Sweller, John – Educational Psychology Review, 2015
The testing effect occurs when learners who are tested rather than relearning material perform better on a final test than those who relearn. Based on cognitive load theory, it was predicted that the testing effect may not be obtained when the material being learned is high in element interactivity. Three experiments investigated conditions of the…
Descriptors: Problem Solving, Testing, Cognitive Processes, Difficulty Level
Patterson, Michael C. – Teaching of Psychology, 2017
The present study investigated the use of multiple digital media technologies, including social networking platforms, by students while preparing for an examination (media multitasking) and the subsequent effects on exam performance. The level of media multitasking (number of simultaneous media technologies) and duration of study were used as…
Descriptors: Testing, Performance, Study Habits, Study Skills
Hughes, Robert W.; Hurlstone, Mark J.; Marsh, John E.; Vachon, Francois; Jones, Dylan M. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2013
The influence of top-down cognitive control on 2 putatively distinct forms of distraction was investigated. Attentional capture by a task-irrelevant auditory deviation (e.g., a female-spoken token following a sequence of male-spoken tokens)--as indexed by its disruption of a visually presented recall task--was abolished when focal-task engagement…
Descriptors: Testing, Selection, Attention, Recall (Psychology)
Izmirli, Serkan; Kurt, Adile Askim – Journal of Educational Computing Research, 2016
The purpose of the study was to examine the effects of instruction given with different multimedia modalities (written text + animation or narration + animation) on the academic achievement, cognitive load, and positive affect in different paces (learner-paced or system-paced); 97 freshmen university students divided into four groups taught in…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Difficulty Level, Academic Achievement, Educational Environment
Johnson-Glenberg, Mina C. – Educational Media International, 2010
This research examined the impact of formative quizzes on e-learning designed to teach volunteers how to tutor struggling readers. Three research questions were addressed: (1) Do embedded quizzes facilitate learning of e-content? (2) Does the announcement of upcoming quizzes affect learning? (3) Does prior knowledge interact with quizzing and…
Descriptors: Electronic Learning, Prior Learning, Testing, Adult Learning