Six different categorization tasks were studied in an investigation of the effects of semantic relatedness on categorization performance. An intersection model is proposed to account for the findings, which are generally inconsistent with decision-bias theories and with simple versions of spreading activation theory. (Author/PN)

How a person decides that s/he doesn't know something is considered. It is argued that when asked a question, one first conducts a preliminary search of memory to locate stored information relevant to the question. Three experiments are presented, and important theoretical issues are discussed. (Author/GK)

Subjects decided whether sentences as "The treaty passed" were "true" or "false," given number of votes cast for the bill and criterion that determined its status. An additive-stages model was applied to verification times from the present and prior studies, and was used to describe certain markedness and congruity…

A new model of research concerned with the development of religious thinking is proposed. The child's ability to use language in ways that characterize religious discourse is studied. Illustrations are taken from existing research which has studied the child's ability to use similar language idioms (metaphors, riddles, and proverbs) in a secular…

Predictions about reaction times (RT) from Siegler's model were tested for the balance scale task with 6- to 22-year-olds. Regression analyses provided additional knowledge of the rules. Rule II was reformulated as a rule that always involves the encoding but not always the correct application of the distance rule. RTs provided evidence for use of…

Experiments involving a total of 114 college students from Indiana and Israel demonstrate that the initial analysis of visual objects into features from different dimensions strongly constrains postperceptual processes of response selection. A model of response selection is proposed to account for the findings. (SLD)

Applied two-step cognitive model to relationship between age and creative productivity. Selected ideation and elaboration rates as information-processing parameters that define mathematical function which describes age curves and specifies their variance across disciplines. Applied non-linear estimation program to further validate model. Despite…

A model of self-regulated learning is proposed as a structure for analyzing cognitive processes involved in self-regulation and for interpreting findings from disparate research traditions. The model is used to examine recent research on how feedback affects cognitive engagement with tasks and the relationship between engagement and achievement.…

Introduces the time window, a construct that characterizes when and how the integration of knowledge occurs, which is fundamental to the development of cognition. Describes the characteristics of time windows, evidence supporting them, factors that affect them, research illustrating their generality, and theoretical and applied implications. (ET)

Discusses connectionist models of two subcomponents of the spelling process that, internally, blur modular boundaries, and that explain, rather than describe, the relevant neuropsychological evidence. The competitive queuing spelling model gives a promising account of the characteristics of graphemic buffer disorder. (76 references) (MDM)

Discusses the evolution of the connectionist model of language processing, focusing on the parallel distributed processing (PDP) model proposed by Rumelhart and others (1986) that explains the microstructure of cognition in terms of interactive activation between elementary input, output, and intermediate processing units linked by weighted…

The compatibility of some response time models with psychometric and information processing approaches to response times is explored. Current psychometric models satisfy independence of comparisons in some formal senses but are not easily compatible with the serial-additive information processing type of model. (SLD)

Results of a 15-year research program on how implicitly activated memories affect remembering are presented, and a model is proposed to describe such influences. Experiments with 240 college students to evaluate the exclusivity of sources of information in the models are described, and implications of the findings are discussed. (SLD)

This paper offers an extension of Graham Wallas' model of the creative process. It identifies periods of problem solving, incubation, and growth with specific points of initial idea inception, creative frustration, and illumination. Responses to creative frustration are described including denial, rationalization, acceptance of stagnation, and new…

Action learning often challenges existing rules, experiments with truth, questions the efficacy of mediating institutions, and leads to significant personal and social change. Examples are found in the behavior of different people with widely varying backgrounds and motivations who embarked on paths of action learning that led them to change. (JOW)