Glass and Holyoak (1975) have raised two issues related to the distinction between set-theoretic and network theories of semantic memory, contending that: (a) their version of a network theory, the Marker Search model, is conceptually and empirically superior to the Feature Comparison model version of a set-theoretic theory; and (b) the contrast…

This report summarizes computational investigations of language comprehension based on Marvin Minsky's theory of frames, a recent advance in artifical intelligence theories about the representation of knowledge. The investigations discussed explored frame theory as a basis for text comprehension by implementing models of the theory and developing…

Two experiments were performed to study inductive reasoning as a set of thought processes that operates on the structure, as opposed to the content, of organized memory. The content of the reasoning consisted of inductions concerning the names of mammals, assumed to occupy a Euclidean space of three dimensions (size, ferocity, and humanness) in…

TO DETERMINE THE SPECIFIC MECHANISMS THROUGH WHICH TRANSFER OCCURS, THIS STUDY INVESTIGATED TRANSFER RESULTING FROM THE LEARNING OF A SPECIFIC RULE OR PROCESSING FORMULA. PREVIOUS RESEARCH WAS COMBINED INTO A TENTATIVE THEORY OF TRANSFER WHICH WAS TESTED AND ASSESSED BY FOCUSING ON BOTH TRIALS-TO-CRITERION AND VERBAL REPORTS AS MEASURES OF…

This article briefly describes Rational Emotive or Rational Behavior Therapy. Some historical data is given regarding its developer, Dr. Albert Ellis, and his beliefs. In addition the following rational concepts are examined: (1) the anatomy of an emotion; (2) the characteristics of rational thoughts; and (3) the rational self-analysis of…

This dissertation combines linguistics, sociology, aesthetics, and psychology to explore the philosophical and pedagogical assumptions which currently provide the framework for answering the question, "What is English?" The theories of Piaget, Langer, Mead, and Berger and Luckmann are used to define two essential terms: presentational and…

Experiments dealing with quantification processes in adults were run as part of an attempt to formulate an information processing model of cognitive development. The existence of three quantification operators--subitizing, counting and estimation--was first postulated. Experiments were then designed to refine the parameters which define the…

At its national convention, NCTE questioned whether composition can be taught at all. A synthesis of some recent research and theory offers a new perspective from which to analyze the problem and to propose some solutions to it. It suggests that the composing process can be analyzed into its component skills and that these skills can be taught…

A theory that there is a correspondence between Piagetian conservation operations and groups of symmetry transformations, and that these symmetry transformations may be used in explaining human problem solving behaviors, is developed in this paper. Current research in artificial intelligence is briefly reviewed, then details of the symmetry…

An information-theory model of human memory was tested in thirteen experiments which involved children (six years and older) and graduate students. The subjects conducted science investigations in laboratory and non-laboratory settings, solved problems of electrical circuits, and participated in classroom science lessons. The tasks used involved…

A probabilistic model (see SE 013 578) describing information processing during the cognitive tasks of recall and problem solving was tested, refined, and developed by testing graduate students on a number of tasks which combined oral, written, and overt "input" and "output" modes in several ways. In a verbal chain one subject…

Seventy-two Ss attempted to solve four "who-done-it" type deductive reasoning problems which varied in mode of representation, type of logical connective employed, and affirmative versus negative statement of information. Affirmative and conjunctive problems were solved more frequently than negative and disjunctive problems (all are defined in the…

AN EXTENSION OF MODELING BEHAVIOR INTO COGNITIVE AREAS OF DEVELOPMENT WAS ATTEMPTED THROUGH THE USE OF FILM-MEDIATED MODELS FOR THE ACTIVATION AND GENERALIZATION PHASES OF THE CONSERVATION PROBLEM. FOUR HYPOTHESES WERE SET UP IN AN ATTEMPT TO QUESTION SUCH PREVIOUS EXPLANATIONS OF THE CONSERVATION RESPONSE AS THOSE OF PIAGET AND BRUNER. THE…

The organizational thinking structure presented here aims to help teachers and children to develop and use thinking skills during reading. Three levels of reading are defined: reading the lines, reading between the lines, and reading beyond the lines. (Author/DS)

Contends that communication education has a unique chance to prepare students for the "epistemological crises of our age" and uses William Perry's scheme of relativism in student development to assess three approaches to communication pedagogy. (MH)