The results of this study disconfirm the predictions of the decay hypothesis because long-term recency effects appear to result from the use of contextually based retrieval cues. Long-term recency effects were attenuated on immediate recognition tests, while long-term recency effects were found on free recall tests. (DWH)

Changes in children's cognitive strategies for solving simple subtractions were studied by analyzing verbal reports given immediately after each problem. The development of children's cognitive processes involved a gradual shift from more primitive and less demanding memory strategies to reconstructive memory processes to retrieval processes.…

Ten possible sources of individual and developmental differences in memory span--rehearsal, grouping, chunking, retrieval strategies, item identification, item ordering, capacity, susceptibility to interference, search rate, and output buffer--were examined in a review of the literature. Speed with which presented items can be identified emerged…

Subjects decided whether sentences as "The treaty passed" were "true" or "false," given number of votes cast for the bill and criterion that determined its status. An additive-stages model was applied to verification times from the present and prior studies, and was used to describe certain markedness and congruity…

Presents argument that many factors affecting retention can be understood in context of a distinction between relational and individual item processing. Describes experiments which demonstrate that variables influencing the type of processing produce differential effects upon certain dependent measures. (Author/BK)

Two tasks were used to evaluate the relationship between concept usage and the organization of knowledge in semantic memory for 7-, 11-, 15-, and 18-year-old subjects. (JMB)

Suggests that it is sometimes useful to consider information as being encoded as images, sometimes as language, and sometimes as propositions, and describes research that provides evidence of processing in all these forms. (Author)

Three separate groups of women performed a semantic classification task during the morning, afternoon, or evening. Results were directly opposite findings that short-term memory performance declines as the day progresses. It is suggested that physiological arousal, which rises through the day, may benefit retrieval efficiency from long-term…

Successful students use a learning style that involves thinking deeply about what they are studying. Several teaching techniques that can encourage this are discussed. (Author/MLF)

Two experiments studied how people determine relationships among family members. In one experiment, subjects were to determine relationships in hypothetical families. In the second, the families were in the subjects' experience. It was determined that memory was organized in terms of parent-child relations together with knowledge of which members…

Investigates the extent to which kindergarten children (mean age 5.8 years) allocate their processing resources selectively to the relevant components of a visual array. (MP)

Tested whether a verbal description given before or after presentation of a picture effected visual processing and/or memory. (SB)

A sorting presentation procedure was used to study the effects of three classification schemes (self-generated, thematic, or taxonomic) on the organized free recall of second and fifth graders. (Author/SB)

High verbal subjects were much faster than low verbal subjects in making taxonomic category identity matches and homophone identity matches. High verbals were also faster in making physical identity matches. Males did not differ from females in the time required for any matching tasks; however, they made slightly more errors. (Author/MV)

Previous research has shown that concrete concepts are more readily attained than abstract concepts. In the present study this dominance effect was confirmed for verbal materials, even when instances and concepts were equivalent in instance frequency, meaningfulness and conjoint frequency. This effect was especially marked under high memory-load…