Proposes a model of word identification and tests it by examining the influence of orthographic redundancy, versatility, and letter-sound correspondences on the identification of both high- and low-frequency words by children and adults. (FL)

Describes the underlying human development theory that supports developmental-learning as opposed to remedial-learning assistance. Outlines a model of learning assistance based on these principles. (Author)

The hierarchical structure of the formal operational period of Piaget's theory of cognitive development was explored through the application of ordering theoretical methods to a set of data that systematically utilized the various formal operational schemes. Results suggested a common structure underlying task performance. (Author/BH)

Reviews research on the storage and retrieval processes of memory and describes an information processing learning theory capable of interpreting the findings. Prescriptive aspects of the theory are applied to the problem of designing textual materials to enhance learning and retention, and a framework to stimulate future research is provided.…

Argues that visual literacy should be studied through a cognitive approach, and describes principles of punctuating and structuring that can be used to develop a new standard of experimental validity. Triadic interaction theory and the role of strategies in research are discussed, as well as a new orientation to research. (BK)

This article concerns the limitations of behavioral performance analysis as it is currently conceptualized by many educational technologists, presents a new paradigm for classifying responses, and suggests a more holistic model for human performance analysis that incorporates elements of developmental, behavioral, and cognitive psychology. (Author)

In the bottom-up model of the reading process, the reader's first task is to decode the symbols into sound representations. By contrast, the top-down model assumes that the reader begins by guessing about the meaning of some unit of print. Each model suggests different instructional practices. (Author/SJL)

Applies Brunswik's lens model to a study linking environmental assessment with environmental perception and cognition. Gauges the ecological validity of cues generated by technical and observational assessments of residential streets in San Francisco for three conditions: traffic volume, family income, and residents' concern about crime.…

Describing key instructional elements in each of Gagne's five categories of learning objectives, this article outlines numerous teaching strategies drawing illustrations from the social studies area. Also outlined are 10 steps to achieve multiple objectives and reduce problems of matching objectives, learning modes, and teaching strategies. (SB)

Two experiments were conducted to test the generalizability to children of a theory of analogical reasoning processes, originally proposed for adults, and to examine the development of analogical reasoning processes in terms of five proposed sources of cognitive development. (MP)

Evaluates the effectiveness of the practical syllogism as an alternative model of man for communication research by assessing the effects of the practical syllogism's action theory assumptions upon theoretical development, comparing the logics of the practical syllogism with the logics of human behavior, and evaluating these combined effects upon…

Finds a direct relationship between overinclusion and field dependence. Sees sex differences in "Epstein's Overinclusion Test." Notes that a direct relation exists between two tests of retardedness and both overinclusion and field dependence, suggesting that these two concepts may be part of a larger, more comprehensive construct. (RL)

Reports the results of an experiment designed to identify and define learning behaviors characteristic of successful adult students in an intensive language program. Findings are interpreted in terms of an information processing model. (AM)

A uniprocessor, unidimensional model, based on Krueger's noisy-operator theory, was fitted satisfactorily to data from four published studies of tone comparison. The model predicts faster response time on different judgments because of heterogeneity of difference. (Author/CP)

Recent research in the area of individual differences in learning and memory is reviewed from a cognitive perspective. Using the two-state model of memory as a framework, individual variations in attentional, short-term store, and long-term store processes are discussed. (Editor)