Presents a neurobiologically inspired model of one aspect of adult second language acquisition: procedural linguistic skill acquisition. Notes that the proposed model crucially involves the neural circuitry of the neocerebellum, a brain structure implicated in higher cognitive and, potentially, linguistic functions. (69 references) (Author/CK)

Presents a meta-model of instructional design (ID) that integrates content covered in instructional technology graduate programs and explores the impact of an instructional designer's perspective on designs. Discusses the theoretical background; instructional strategies; educational philosophies; paradigm shifts; behaviorist, constructivist, and…

Problems are identified in adapting findings of laboratory-based cognitive instruction to mainstream classes. A metacognitive instruction model called Process-based Instruction (PBI) is then described. PBI recognizes the importance of interactions between student, teacher, and curriculum content and involves assessment, orientation, strategy…

Discussion of cognitive apprenticeships highlights a computer-based coached practice environment called SHERLOCK that was developed for Air Force technicians. Training for complex skills is discussed, comparisons are made between results with SHERLOCK and results with apprenticeship models that have human coaches, and possible future enhancements…

A research-based model is presented that accounts for major patterns of adaptive and maladaptive behavior in terms of underlying psychological processes. It is postulated that as individuals' self-attributes are translated into allied goals, these goals generate corresponding behavior patterns. (SLD)

A school-wide program was developed to teach study skills (involving cognitive strategies and school survival skills) to mainstreamed secondary-level students with learning disabilities. The program involved training teachers, synchronizing teaching schedules, and observing teachers. Students learned study strategies that transferred to content…

Discussion of educational technology and its impact on instructional methodology and the learning process focuses on six basic educational components necessary to trace technology variables directly to specific learning processes. Highlights include learning objectives; knowledge bases; instructional strategies; computer-based enhancements; and…

In response to commentaries on their model of discipline effectiveness, Grusec and Goodnow note that the model places as much emphasis on affect as on cognition and that it is certainly applicable to preschool years. They discuss development of sense of self, ability to self-regulate, and attachment as important precursors of internalization. (MDM)

Considers several perspectives on interaction strategies for computer-aided learning; examines dimensions of interaction; and presents a model for the design of interaction strategies. Topics include pacing; navigation; mental processes; cognitive and physical responses; the role of quality and quantity; a conceptual approach; and suggestions for…

Argues that the syntactic and mental model accounts of the suppression effect in deductive reasoning are inadequate. Proposes a relative salience model. Describes a test of predictions from this model in a suppression model, which obtained evidence of convergent validity for the salience construct. Results could not be reconciled with either the…

Examines Nickels's claim that interactive models of lexical access in speech production cannot account for naming data from a group of anomic patients. This paper reiterates that the behavior of connectionist models is not easily predictable without running the appropriate simulations, and discusses the role of frequency in lexical access in…

Reports on a study of effects of teaching styles, student cognitive styles, matched and mismatched conditions, and student age and gender in relation to the course grades of 207 community college students. Indicates that concrete sequential teachers assigned the lowest grades and that students over 24 attained higher grades than younger students…

Describes a study with undergraduate students that examined whether the appearance of graphics and other visuals in a television newscast would result in lower recall of audio content, whether such visuals would promote comprehension of each story as a whole, and whether subjects would prefer stories with visuals. (24 references) (LRW)

The effects of controlling for individual differences in simple reaction time (RT) on the correlations of choice RT and discrimination RT with intelligence quotient were studied for 213 male college students. Simple RT was controlled by subtraction, partial correlation, and multiple correlation. (SLD)

Sources of continuity among nine measures of infant cognitive processing and later childhood intelligence quotient were examined through developmental structural equation models applied to a sample of 208 twin pairs measured from 7 to 36 months. Skills assessed appear related to general cognitive ability in a relatively unstable manner. (SLD)