Explains how changes in reading theory have meant new emphases and new ways to teaching reading. (JL)

Contrasts two theories about the use of semantic context information and reports data that support the theory that readers can use certain semantic strategies in dealing with context. (AEA)

Concludes that adult disabled readers perceive reading as a decoding process rather than as a meaning constructing or comprehension task. (HOD)

Investigates the proficiency level of adult readers on the "when" and "where" aspects of storing and retrieving information to successfully complete a task. (HOD)

Reports that second-grade students in reading groups that used materials without pictures had faster mean reading times than students who read the same materials with pictures, but did not differ from them in comprehension or achievement. (FL)

An examination was made of factors affecting reading performance of upper elementary students. Factors included effects of questions placed at various positions in the text, role of factual and inferential questions used as adjunct aids, and differences in processing strategies used by the readers in probed recall tasks. (Author/HOD)

The results of experiments conducted with college-age subjects point to analogy and generalization as the most likely mechanisms for transferring spelling/sound correspondences in the absence of knowledge of the existence of the correspondences. (GT)

Introduces briefly the social, meaning-based linguistic perspective of genre. Describes how written language is different from oral language. Shows the complexity of written language structure by illustrating how the "element of description" is realized in various written genres. Examines the implications of making genre a more critical…

Fourteen adults who stuttered and 14 adults who did not participated in a self-paced word-by-word reading experiment. Results indicated that the two groups were not different with respect to speed of word identification but that persons who stuttered retrieved semantic information more slowly than those who did not stutter. (Author/PB)

This article discusses the role of phonological and morphological processing in learning to read and spell. Studies on the effect of morphological processing on reading and spelling are outlined. It is suggested that the trend is toward a cross-linguistic framework and studies of psycholinguistic and neurocognitive levels of reading processes.…

Phonological awareness is explored as a process for studying the cognitive deficits of dyslexic children without undermining the assumption of specificity. Discussed are the operation of Matthew effects, the importance of strict psychometric criteria in dyslexia definitions, and recognition that dyslexia represents an arbitrary criterion in a…

Introduces the common theme among the papers presented in this issue, the development of working memory. Underlines the two different approaches presented. The neo-Piagetian perspective attempts to capitalize on the insights of Piaget's work by proposing information-processing accounts of cognitive development. The second perspective stems from…

Ten children (ages 7-10) with visuoperceptual problems were compared to sighted children on lexical decision tasks with words, nonwords, and format distorted items. The partially sighted children relied on phonological mediation as well as the "visual" route in word recognition. Regularity effects, as well as effects of intact and disrupted…

Evaluates the hypothesis that dyslexic children have a specific deficit in phonological reading processes. Describes a quantitative meta-analysis with the same hypothesis that provides evidence for differences between dyslexics and normal readers on nonword reading tasks. Considers the weaknesses of studies finding no deficits. (HB)