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Showing 511 to 525 of 1,113 results Save | Export
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Kuefner, Dana; Jacques, Corentin; Prieto, Esther Alonso; Rossion, Bruno – Brain and Cognition, 2010
When the bottom halves of two faces differ, people's behavioral judgment of the identical top halves of those faces is impaired: they report that the top halves are different, and/or take more time than usual to provide a response. This behavioral measure is known as the composite face effect (CFE) and has traditionally been taken as evidence that…
Descriptors: Visual Perception, Brain, Cognitive Processes, Neurological Organization
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Barnes-Holmes, Dermot; Barnes-Holmes, Yvonne; Stewart, Ian; Boles, Shawn – Psychological Record, 2010
The current article outlines a behavior-analytic approach to the study of so-called implicit attitudes and cognition. The Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure (IRAP), the conceptual basis of which was derived from relational frame theory, is offered as a methodology that may be used in the experimental analysis of implicit attitudes and…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Attitudes, Interpersonal Relationship, Behavioral Science Research
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Yeatman, Jason D.; Ben-Shachar, Michal; Glover, Gary H.; Feldman, Heidi M. – Brain and Language, 2010
The purpose of this study was to explore changes in activation of the cortical network that serves auditory sentence comprehension in children in response to increasing demands of complex sentences. A further goal is to study how individual differences in children's receptive language abilities are associated with such changes in cortical…
Descriptors: Sentences, Investigations, Reaction Time, Language Impairments
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Leotti, Lauren A.; Wager, Tor D. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2010
Psychological research has placed great emphasis on inhibitory control due to its integral role in normal cognition and clinical disorders. The stop-signal task and associated measure--stop-signal reaction time (SSRT)--provides a well-established paradigm for measuring response inhibition. However, motivational influences on stop-signal…
Descriptors: Reaction Time, Psychological Studies, Models, Incentives
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Fific, Mario; Little, Daniel R.; Nosofsky, Robert M. – Psychological Review, 2010
We formalize and provide tests of a set of logical-rule models for predicting perceptual classification response times (RTs) and choice probabilities. The models are developed by synthesizing mental-architecture, random-walk, and decision-bound approaches. According to the models, people make independent decisions about the locations of stimuli…
Descriptors: Visual Stimuli, Models, Classification, Probability
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Borst, Jelmer P.; Taatgen, Niels A.; van Rijn, Hedderik – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2010
The main challenge for theories of multitasking is to predict when and how tasks interfere. Here, we focus on interference related to the problem state, a directly accessible intermediate representation of the current state of a task. On the basis of Salvucci and Taatgen's (2008) threaded cognition theory, we predict interference if 2 or more…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Cognitive Processes, Models, Time Management
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Keehn, Brandon; Brenner, Laurie A.; Ramos, Aurora I.; Lincoln, Alan J.; Marshall, Sandra P.; Muller, Ralph-Axel – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2009
The present study examined fixation frequency and duration during an Embedded Figures Test (EFT) in an effort to better understand the attentional and perceptual processes by which individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) achieve accelerated EFT performance. In particular, we aimed to elucidate differences in the patterns of eye-movement in…
Descriptors: Reaction Time, Autism, Eye Movements, Pervasive Developmental Disorders
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van Deursen, J. A.; Vuurman, E. F. P. M.; Smits, L. L.; Verhey, F. R. J.; Riedel, W. J. – Brain and Cognition, 2009
Background: Decreased speed of information processing is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Recent studies suggest that response speed (RS) measures are very sensitive indicators of changes in longitudinal follow-up studies. Insight into the psycho-physiological underpinnings of slowed RS can be provided by…
Descriptors: Alzheimers Disease, Mental Disorders, Patients, Reaction Time
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Bonfiglioli, Claudia; Finocchiaro, Chiara; Gesierich, Benno; Rositani, Francesco; Vescovi, Massimo – Cognition, 2009
The Italian demonstrative pronouns "questo/a" ("this[subscript [mas/fem]]") and "quello/a" ("that[subscript [mas/fem]]") implicitly convey information about objects' distance with respect to the speaker. Our study investigated the referents of "questo/a" ("this[subscript [mas/fem]]") and "quello/a" ("that[subscript [mas/fem]]") by analysing their…
Descriptors: Reaction Time, Form Classes (Languages), Evaluation Methods, Auditory Stimuli
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Apperly, Ian A.; Warren, Frances; Andrews, Benjamin J.; Grant, Jay; Todd, Sophie – Child Development, 2011
On belief-desire reasoning tasks, children first pass tasks involving true belief before those involving false belief, and tasks involving positive desire before those involving negative desire. The current study examined belief-desire reasoning in participants old enough to pass all such tasks. Eighty-three 6- to 11-year-olds and 20 adult…
Descriptors: Theory of Mind, Developmental Continuity, Cognitive Development, Child Development
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Uebel, Henrik; Albrecht, Bjorn; Asherson, Philip; Borger, Norbert A.; Butler, Louise; Chen, Wai; Christiansen, Hanna; Heise, Alexander; Kuntsi, Jonna; Schafer, Ulrike; Andreou, Penny; Manor, Iris; Marco, Rafaela; Miranda, Ana; Mulligan, Aisling; Oades, Robert D.; van der Meere, Jaap; Faraone, Stephen V.; Rothenberger, Aribert; Banaschewski, Tobias – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2010
Background: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common and highly heritable child psychiatric disorders. There is strong evidence that children with ADHD show slower and more variable responses in tasks such as Go/Nogo tapping aspects of executive functions like sustained attention and response control which may be…
Descriptors: Siblings, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Genetics, Cognitive Processes
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Luk, Gigi; Anderson, John A. E.; Craik, Fergus I. M.; Grady, Cheryl; Bialystok, Ellen – Brain and Cognition, 2010
To examine the effects of bilingualism on cognitive control, we studied monolingual and bilingual young adults performing a flanker task with functional MRI. The trial types of primary interest for this report were incongruent and no-go trials, representing interference suppression and response inhibition, respectively. Response times were similar…
Descriptors: Reaction Time, Inhibition, Young Adults, Monolingualism
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Akcay, Caglar; Hazeltine, Eliot – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2008
The dependence of the Simon effect on the correspondence of the previous trial can be explained by the conflict-monitoring theory, which holds that a control system adjusts automatic activation from irrelevant stimulus information (conflict adaptation) on the basis of the congruency of the previous trial. The authors report on 4 experiments…
Descriptors: Conflict, Cognitive Processes, Reaction Time, Stimuli
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Liddle, Elizabeth B.; Scerif, Gaia; Hollis, Christopher P.; Batty, Martin J.; Groom, Madeleine J.; Liotti, Mario; Liddle, Peter F. – Cognition, 2009
The acquisition of volitional control depends, in part, on developing the ability to countermand a planned action. Many tasks have been used to tap the efficiency of this process, but few studies have investigated how it may be modulated by participants' motivation. Multiple mechanisms may be involved in the deliberate exercise of caution when…
Descriptors: Reaction Time, Models, Motivation, Probability
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Sarampalis, Anastasios; Kalluri, Sridhar; Edwards, Brent; Hafter, Ervin – Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 2009
Purpose: This work is aimed at addressing a seeming contradiction related to the use of noise-reduction (NR) algorithms in hearing aids. The problem is that although some listeners claim a subjective improvement from NR, it has not been shown to improve speech intelligibility, often even making it worse. Method: To address this, the hypothesis…
Descriptors: Assistive Technology, Acoustics, Speech, Listening
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